Con Man free essay sample

This is secured under condition 29, which covers the Revision of date of finish of the venture. Under provision 29 the JBCC records occasions where the temporary worker is qualified for a correction of date functional fulfillment yet isn't expected pay and those that the contractual worker is expected pay, on account of the JBCC, the estimation of the agreement or task won't change because of the recorded occasion. All however this is the situation, a portion of the occasions recorded under proviso 29. 1 are shrouded in area 6, yet have various outcomes. One such issue is the means by which the various agreements manage unfavorable climate consequences for works during development period. While the NEC contract expresses the impacts of climate on the functions as a pay occasion under statement 60. 1. 13, where a climate estimation is recorded during a schedule month, before the finishing date for the entire of works and at the spot expressed in the agreement information, the climate occasion must happen less habitually than once in ten years to be a remuneration occasion. We will compose a custom article test on Swindler or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This could imply that should this happen the temporary worker is expected pay for any expenses brought about and an amendment of culmination time. While the JBCC manages climate in an alternate manner. In condition 29. states the conditions where the temporary worker is qualified for an amendment of the finishing date yet where the chief specialist will not alter the agreement esteem, are the postponements to reasonable fruition brought about by different occasions. One such occasion, expressed in proviso 29. 1. 1 is the unfavorable impacts of climate conditions. This suggests the temporary worker can not guarantee for change in accordance with contract an incentive because of antagonistic climate conditions like in the NEC contract. This is one less pay occasion that should be planned for under the JBCC understanding. Another distinction in this is under proviso 60. 9 of the NEC contract which covers occasions neither one of the parties could represent or forestall which stops the t emporary worker proceeding with works and isn't one of the expressed remuneration occasions. While this is canvassed in the JBCC under provision 29. 1. 4 as an occasion that neither one of the parties could forestall additionally, it just permits the contractual worker an update of date of fruition without a revaluation of the venture. The JBCC perceives a few occasions as requiring pay and others not, while the NEC all the occasions are viewed as remuneration occasions which will require the business to pay the temporary worker more cash. Concerning the correspondence of such occasions happening the NEC gives the contractual worker significantly more opportunity to tell the Project Manager of the chance of the remuneration occasion happening. This is expressed under proviso 61. 3 which gives the temporary worker a limit of about two months to inform the Project Manager of the occasion, neglecting to do so will imply that the contractual worker won't be qualified for change costs or the finish date. This is just if the Project Manager neglected to tell the temporary worker of the occasion, on the off chance that it was the duty of the Project Manager to do as such. While in the JBCC additionally takes into consideration a timeframe, which gives the temporary worker more opportunity to guarantee remuneration if any of the occasions happen that are recorded in provision 29. 1 to 29. 3. Under proviso 29. 4. 1-3, the agreement expresses that the contractual worker must tell the central operator inside 20 days of getting mindful of the occasion and should find a way to attempt to maintain a strategic distance from it. There is additionally a multi day time frame after which the occasion has happened, inside which the temporary worker must caution its essential specialist happening or miss out on having the option to guarantee for pay. This is expressed under condition 29. 5 of the agreement. In the two agreements these cases are submitted to the undertaking supervisor, in the NEC and to the vital operator in the JBCC. These cases are researched by the employer’s operators, condition 61. 4 in the NEC, expresses that the undertaking director must choose whether the occasion happened because of activities taken by the temporary worker, or has not occurred or isn't relied upon to occur, has no impact upon the characterized cost or finishing date and isn't one of the recorded pay occasions, the task chief may conclude that the contractual worker has no reason for his guarantee and deny the temporary worker remuneration. On the off chance that the undertaking trough concludes that there are justification for the case he advises the temporary worker to present a citations for the case. Should the task administrator neglect to answer the contractual worker inside a week or a more drawn out timeframe that is settled upon by the two gatherings, at that point the case is seen to have been acknowledged by the venture chief. The temporary worker is the allowed to submit citations for the case. While in the JBCC the procedure is comparable, and is secured under proviso 29. which gives the essential specialist 15 working long stretches of getting the case to concede or decline the working days asserted or revaluation of agreement esteem contingent upon the premise of the case. During which time the primary specialist will decide the reexamined date of reasonable finish and recognize every condition and pertinent sub-proviso and for every occasion give or deny the temporary workers guarantee. The essential ope rator should likewise flexibly purposes behind the choices the person has made. In any case, while in the NEC no reaction by the task administrator, the case is esteemed to have been acknowledged, in the JBCC it is accepted that the case has been dismissed. This is satisfied under statement 29. 8, which gives certain spread to the business ought to there be an incident and the key operator can't answer the contractual worker, not at all like in the NEC. Fundamentally the JBCC contract is the better agreement on dealing with the expense of the task alongside time imperatives. The agreement plainly expresses the occasions which on the off chance that they do happen, will require modification of the date of handy finishing and furthermore which occasions will require both an update of the date and revaluation of the task. While under the NEC contract the occasions recorded are occasions that would all be able to be asserted for cash by the contractual worker, which may prompt the business saving a more prominent spending plan for possibilities on account of the quantity of things recorded that can be guaranteed as a pay occasion. The better agreement that would facilitate the client’s stresses over financial plan and time limitations is the JBCC head understanding. References 1. JBCC Series 2000 Principal Building Agreement Edition 5. 0 2. NEC Engineering and Construction Contract

Organic Food and Wild Oats Essay Example for Free

Natural Food and Wild Oats Essay Solid income development Focused development technique Wide item portfolioWeak global activities Conservative universal arrangement Increasing rental costs OpportunitiesThreats Higher interest for natural items Expansion in the UK Growth in private name productsIncreasing rivalry Labeling and different guidelines Slowdown in the US economy StrengthsWeaknesses Strong income development Focused development procedure Wide item portfolioWeak worldwide tasks Conservative global approach Increasing rental costs OpportunitiesThreats Higher interest for natural items. Extension in the UK Growth in private mark productsIncreasing rivalry Labeling and different guidelines Slowdown in the US economy AI Global Management. 8-26-14. Teacher: Who wasnt here a week ago? Im taking a gander at Michelle. So you are the one in particular that wasnt here a week ago? Mrs. Johnson were you here a week ago. Im going to pass out the assignments for one week from now for you. Understudy: The PowerPoint one. Teacher: Whole nourishments. So what you needed to do just to remind everyone you need to investigate those two organizations, and do some examination, did discover deliberately what truly occurred? Understudy: Do you have additional duplicates? I wasnt here a week ago. Educator: I thought I asked who wasnt here a week ago? OK. We need to deliberately do some exploration on both of these organizations. You have your contextual analysis before you intensive. You need to discover what sort of choice was made that made actually an issue for Wild Oats on the grounds that at first when this organization was assembled, they were murdering Whole Foods. They were Whole Foods before Whole Foods existed. They were doing magnificent. Developing, extending in a similar kind of market. I know the two cases, so I know a great deal of answers, yet out of nowhere some choice was made in their psyches moderately key, yet it ended up being some really awful choices. What number of you has known about Wild Oats. We all have known about Whole Foods since they are in presence. So you need to run this as though you are the CEO of both take the two sides. Investigate and investigate Wild Oats, and what befell them. Investigate the extraordinary choice, and afterward things began going south moderately rapidly for them. However Whole Foods was the dark horse. Presently Whole Foods is doing. Indeed, I presume. Assembling pushing ahead.

Body Image Issues, Teens and the Media

Body Image Issues, Teens and the Media February 12, 2020 Image Source/Photodisc/Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Awareness and Prevention Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis The media plays a big part in a teens body image. Advertising in teen magazines and on teen television typically glamorizes thing models who do not resemble the average person. In fact, todays women models generally weigh 23% less than the average woman. Considering the average person in the United States sees approximately 3,000 ads in magazines, billboards, and television every day, your teenager is getting the wrong message about body image much too often. Glamourizing the Thin Ideal Media targeting teenage girls tends to emphasize the ideal of thinness as beauty.  When you stop and think about the fact that the average height and weight for a model are 510 and 110 lbs, and the height and weight for the average woman are 54 and 145 lbs, its easy to see why this creates a tremendous health risk for young girls. The problem of the media using girls who are very thin and not healthy has not gotten better over the years, even though the issues it causes for teen girls have become well known. Television shows, movies, and other forms of popular culture often glamorize thinness as the beauty ideal. Popular culture often only depict thin individuals and offers little representation of other body types, shapes, and sizes. Such depictions can contribute to body issues and, potentially, eating disorders. The adolescent period is a time when exposure to these messages can be particularly damaging. The onset of puberty and the ensuing physical changes that this developmental stage brings can lead to feelings of insecurity and poor body image. It is important to note that boys are not immune to this. Parents need to be aware that boys can develop body image issues as well, whether such concerns center on weight, musculature, or some other internalized beauty ideal. It is also important to encourage your child to watch shows that depict characters who look like them. Shows where the kids look like your teen and their friends with regular body weights are the way to go. Show that depict normal as being the real normal. How to Help Your Teen   You can help your daughter minimize the medias impact on her body image by: Limit your teen daughter from this type of advertising. This doesnt mean that you need to take away all teen magazines, just be aware of which ones take this teen issue into consideration. Check them out at the store before purchasing a subscription.Start an advertising awareness program in her school.Talk to her about the health risks of being so thin and use the media for teachable moments.Talk to her about how photos of models are altered and airbrushed.Talk about achievements instead of appearance.Help your teen seek out role models that are body positive.Promote healthy habits. Help your child focus on healthy eating and exercise that promote well-being.Set a good example through your own behavior, including maintaining a positive attitude about your own body image, is also important.Teach teens to accept their own bodies. Remind them that everyone is different. A Word From Verywell If your child is struggling with body image issues that are affecting self-esteem, mood, or even eating behavior, talk to your childs doctor. Your teen may benefit from talking to a mental health professional.

Essay about Manchester Dbq Ap Euro - 908 Words

During the nineteenth century, Manchester became one of the most industrialized cities in the world. Although the industrialization of Manchester was very efficient and successful for the modernization of man, the city’s growth also raised many issues in society. The growth of the city had negative and positive effects. Although the huge population growth in Manchester in the 1800s, delighted many people, for they though this had led to advances in manufacturing and other industries-the increase caused a multiple of other issues. Some of the issues included, problems with sanitation, home and family life, and industrialization. But fortunately, there were many reformers working to bring about change and bring justice where needed. The†¦show more content†¦(Doc.6). A chart from the Lancet, a British Medical journal clearly states that the average age of death is very low and the health in different cities is outstandingly horrific (Doc. 8). Document 11 reinforces th is idea by showing a picture of a completely polluted city. All of the factories are polluting the air which furthermore has a major effect on people’s health and the environment. Furthermore, a map suggests that the canals of the city were all located in areas of development. This invites the idea that the water sources may have been contaminated and thus pestilences were spread more quickly (Doc.1). This Document is very reliable, as it contains no bias since it is a mere map of the city containing no actual controversial concept. Another great issue introduced by the growth in Manchester was the poor living and working conditions of the lower class. Homes had no furniture or food and the people lacked clothes (Doc.7). Additionally, the work hours were long and the factories were uncomfortable and hazardous. A chart states that the average age at death for workers in Manchester is lower than any that of any other district (Doc.8). At last, Document 5 quotes that â€Å"†¦here civilization works its miracles, and the civilized man is turned back into a savage†.Show MoreRelated2002 Ap Euro Dbq: Manchester Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Industrialization on Manchester, England 1750-1850 England in the 18th and 19th centuries changed dramatically as a result of the Industrial Revolution, which had many effects on the social structure of England and increased the gap between the rich and the poor. Because of this, industrialized English towns such as Manchester were both criticized and admired by poets, politicians, journalists, and outsiders, who were particularly from France. The most powerful points of view were

Three Levels Of Decision Making - 1893 Words

Executive Summary: This report discusses the three levels of decision-making, which are strategic decisions, tactical decisions and operational decisions. Top management teams, CEOs, and Board of Directors make strategic decisions. Tactical decisions are made by managers, and operational decisions are made by employees. The supervisor of a local video game retail store gave great insights into the daily routines and responsibilities of being a supervisor/manager. He is relatively new to the position, but has embraced it fully, and is very dedicated to the company as well as the employees that report directly to him. He is a great example of a supervisor that worked his way to the position he is in today while applying what he had learned while attending classes at the University of Guam. Effective decision making within a company or business is a vital aspect of management, and the overall performance and success of a company or business. Introduction: Decision making, as defined by the Business Dictionary, is the thought process of selecting a logical choice from the available options. It is determining the positives and negatives of the available options, considering all possible alternatives, and forecasting the outcome of each option and alternative to determine which is the best for a particular situation. Decision-making is a vital part of management as it determines both organizational and managerial activities (â€Å"Business Dictionary,† n.d.). Decision-making isShow MoreRelated The Challenger Disaster - Responsibility of Morton Thiokol Inc.1231 Words   |  5 Pagesdeath of its crew but also in terms of the decision-making process that led to the launch and in terms of the subsequent investigation into the quot;causesquot; of the disaster. The decision to recommend for launch was made by lower-level management officials over the objections of technical experts who opposed the launch under the environ mental conditions that existed on the launch pad at the time. Furthermore, the lower-level managers who made this decision--both NASA and contractor personnel--choseRead More Levels Of Analysis And The Stu Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pages Three levels of analysis, each with its own distinct strength, reveals three different ways of understanding international relations. The first states that all nation-states behave similarly, the second emphasizes the unique internal factors of a nation-state, while the third level of analysis focuses on the individual deciding a stateamp;#8217;s course of action. Each level of analysis is useful in the study of international relations. Indeed, used all together, it is not long before arrivingRead MoreEssay about Disaster Management1428 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagers must make decisions. Their decision involves a comparison between several alternatives and an evaluation of the outcome. The quality of the decisions managers make is the true measure of their performance. Each operational decision influences future actions, which in turn, require further decisions. Errors in decision-making, therefore, tend to be cumulative. Decision-making is the major responsibility of a disaster manager, regardless of his or her functional area or level in the organizationRead MoreMoral Development As Defined By Lawrence Kohlberg1018 Words   |  5 Pagesof three levels and six stages that are sequential and remain consistent. According to Kohlberg level one is entitled Pre-conventional morality (pre-operational). In this level it consists of two stages: Stage One deals with punishment and obedience or how good or bad something may be. Stage two is instrumental purpose and exchange at this stage one is said to conform to seek satisfaction or praise. Level two is the Conventional morality level (concrete operational). The stages at this level includeRead MorePower Relation Within The Household933 Words   |  4 Pagesas the ‘de facto breadwinner role’. Improved role of decision making Decision making power can be considered as the ‘agency’ of making choices as far as empowerment concepts considered (Kabeer, 1999). For the purpose of this study decision making is categorised as financial decision making and non-financial decision making within the house- hold level. Decisions such as house hold resource allocation and spending are financial while decisions such as child care, domestic matters and social concernsRead More Decision Making at the Executive Level Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesDecision Making at the Executive Level The focus of my term paper is the decision making process used by todays top-level managers. 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Teachers are encouraged to participate in grade level and subject specific committees, which explore learningRead MoreA Leader s Decision On The World Of The United States And Ceos Of Billion Dollar Companies Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesinevitable fact that exceptional leaders are good decision-makers. Good leaders understand how to utilize their VABES (values, assumptions, beliefs and expectations) to reason and make decisions that positively affect themselves, employees, customers and stakeholders, and organizations. VABES dictate how leaders attach worth, importance, and meaning to decisions. A leader’s decision is an outer expression of their personal VABES. Barak Obama makes the key decision daily to decide the faith of the United StatesRead MoreManagerial Skill1401 Words   |  6 PagesManagerial Skill What are the  traits of a good manager? Stated precisely, a good manager is the one who has loads of confidence in his own abilities and possesses managerial skills like leadership,decision making  abilities, multitasking and an uncanny knack to motivate employees. Leadership Qualities Leadership and management  are inseparably intertwined. A good manager has to be a good leader as he has to guide a team of people towards common goals . Communication Basic management skills  likeRead MoreWeek 1 Knowledge Check1287 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Responsibility. Mastery Score: 15/18 Questions 0% 1 2 100% 3 4 5 67% 6 7 8 Company Mission 100% 9 10 11 Company Goals and Objectives 100% 12 13 Three Levels of Strategy à ¢ Corporate, Business-Level, Functional 100% 14 15 Strategic Management Process 100% 17 18 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Management Ethics 16 Concept: The Stakeholder Approach to Social Responsibility. Concepts Mastery

Things to Know About Dissertation Editing Services Free Essays

Often, people wonder whether there Is a need for dissertation editing services. Let us put It simply. Everyone needs dissertation tattled services when they need to make a dissertation. We will write a custom essay sample on Things to Know About Dissertation Editing Services or any similar topic only for you Order Now Making and writing a dissertation Is one of the most Important things to excel at In an academic career. You need to understand that dissertation is always reviewed minutely by the academia. You need to have proper references and give proper credits. The dissertation should be organized and structured properly. There should be a proper low of thought. More, you need to ensure that the layout and flow of thought is properly able to explain the subject matter. No wonder you may need to hire an expert to check everything – there are far too many things to check after all! Editing service for students Dissertation tattled services Is what every student needs as after they complete their dissertation they need to get It edited to give It the final touch. However, there are certain things that one should know about before getting such services done. . It is important to know that the dissertation editor you are going to hire has a thorough knowledge of your subject and related writing and understands the subject really well. It is only then that he will be able to offer perfect services without leaving out any mistakes. 2. You must ensure that your dissertation editor understands the process of research and also knows what the grounds are on which a committee can reject or approve your dissertation. He needs to work keeping these factors In mind and get all the acts right, to make sure your dissertation gets approved. 3. Before hiring a dissertation editor, always check the market to find out the best options available. You should not hire an editor who overcharges you or one who charges you very little for incomplete or imperfect work. Make sure that the dissertation editor you hire asks for reasonable charges while offering perfect services for your hard work. 4. Another thing to know Is that when getting such services done, you must be sure hat your editor will work on a professional level where he will not only change all the inappropriate and wrong wordings and correct them but also correct all spelling errors, punctuation mistakes and grammatical errors and format the entire work appropriately. The editor you hire for the same must have a great command over the language in which the dissertation is written or else his own mistakes and improper knowledge will reflect in your work and get it rejected by those who check it. More info – http://www. Grahame. Com/dissertation-editing-services/ How to cite Things to Know About Dissertation Editing Services, Essays

Business Research Method Research ProposalBargaining Power

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research Method Research Proposal forBargaining Power. Answer: Introduction: Porters Five Forces The analysis of the Porters Five Forces is essential as it would help in analyzing the factors that may limit the profitability of the tyre industry (E. Dobbs 2014). The two factors are discussed with respect to the tyre industry- Mobile Tyre Shop. Bargaining Power of Supplier The bargaining power of the suppliers, primarily revolves around the current demands of the tyre industry. It is concerned with the supply of rubber and other petrochemical materials such as nylon tyre cord, carbon black. The cost of acquiring the petrochemical based materials is quite high and fluctuates frequently (Lei et al. 2016). The bargaining power of the suppliers is relatively high for this industry. The number of the suppliers is low and the availability of the raw materials is also low. This makes the company to face a difficult time in allocating the raw materials required for this industry. The low supply of the raw materials or the low quality of one supplier may force the clients to change their suppliers frequently. There are high switching costs associated with the tyre industry (Powell 2014). This involves a lot of time, effort and resources for the particular company. There is a high threat of forward integration. It is a business strategy that is concerned with th e expansion in order to control the direct supply of a companys product (Powell 2014). This may hinder the profit making motives of the companies as there would be a subsequent decrease in the companys production and an increase in the price of the raw materials. The main raw material required for the tyre industry is natural rubber (Kohjiya and Ikeda 2014). The tyre companies usually get credit from international markets for the purchase of rubber, which is being offered at London Inter Bank Offered Rate. The prices of rubber are witnessing a decline in prices, which tends to support the tyre manufacturing firms for a medium term. However, the primary dependence of the tyre industry is Natural Rubber, which has limited production in Australia (Kohjiya and Ikeda 2014). This makes the country to depend on international suppliers, especially from countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand. Thailand is accredited to the worlds largest producer of natural rubber, which makes the Australian companies to depend on them (Kohjiya and Ikeda 2014). There is the high cost of acquiring raw materials for the manufacture of tyre, which decreases the profitability of tyre producing firm. The people responsible for fitting of the tyres has low bargaining power due to the knowledge of the people. The supplier must possess high bargaining power. He should possess good negotiation skills as he would be dealing with the purchase of bulk tyres at the best price. He must possess several connections regarding the supply of the raw materials. The suppliers with the equipments in the van possess medium bargaining power as he has several alternatives. This is due to the fact that he would be moving from one place to another and hence must demonstrate medium bargaining power. Threats of Substitute Products The tyre industry is facing stiff competition from the retreading sectors from all around the world. There is a cheaper option present in the retreading sectors that reduces the cost of the original tyres by around 24% (Pedram et al. 2016). The retreading can be defined as a re-manufacturing process for tyres which replaces the tread present on the worn tyres. The original material is preserved and there is low material cost involved compared to the manufacturing of a new tyre (Pedram et al. 2016). The lack of availability of the raw materials is low in the domestic sectors, which increases their overall cost. This makes the tyre companies to depend on the overseas markets for the supply of the raw materials. There is a high availability for the closest substitutes such as synthetic rubber, latex, guayule and others (Snoeck et al. 2015). This poses a high threat to the tyre manufacturing firms that rely solely on the use of natural rubber. The alternate products often come with low price and demonstrate better performance (Snoeck et al. 2015). The tyre manufacturing firms also face the threat from the non-branded product substitutes. The substitute products are available at a competitive rate and there is almost similar profitability of the firm. The threat of substitute affects the competitive framework of the firms. The substitute products may threat the profitability of the firm as the consumers may opt for the substitute products and discontinue purchasing the original products. The tyre making companies need to analyze the probability of the other products that can act as a substitute for their own products. The likeliness of the consumers to switch, cost of switching, trade-offs and others should be estimated well by the companies. This may pose serious threat to the company and there may be a subsequent decrease in the profitability. The Porters five forces are an excellent tool for understanding the level of competition within the industry and the subsequent business strategy that should be adopted. The bargaining power of the suppliers and the threat of substitute products are essential for predicting the amount of revenues for the company. References E Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Kohjiya, S. and Ikeda, Y. eds., 2014.Chemistry, manufacture and applications of natural rubber. Elsevier. Lei, W., Zhou, X., Russell, T.P., Hua, K.C., Yang, X., Qiao, H., Wang, W., Li, F., Wang, R. and Zhang, L., 2016. High performance bio-based elastomers: energy efficient and sustainable materials for tires.Journal of Materials Chemistry A,4(34), pp.13058-13062. Pedram, A., Yusoff, N.B., Udoncy, O.E., Mahat, A.B., Pedram, P. and Babalola, A., 2016. Integrated forward and reverse supply chain: A tire case study.Waste Management. Powell, K.S., 2014. Profitability and speed of foreign market entry.Management International Review,54(1), pp.31-45. Snoeck, D., Chapuset, T., Garca, J.G., Sfeir, N. and Palu, S., 2015. Feasibility of a guayule commodity chain in the Mediterranean region.Industrial Crops and Products,75, pp.159-164.

The Definition Of The Golden Rule Is That Those With The Gold Essays

The definition of the Golden Rule is that those with the gold make the rules. In other words, those with the gold have the power as well as those with the power have the gold. History books will discuss the general reasons for war such as freedom from adversity or freedom from religion. But the real issue for any war is the thirst for power and control; and the means to finance them are the economic issues. Nations will endure years of fighting for power and control. France and England fought each other for more than a hundred years to have control of the Channel trade routes. 1 This century of warring was known as The Hundred Years' War and is the longest war in record history. It began in 1337 when King Edward III invaded Normandy and ended in 1453 when France won the Battle of Bordeaux. However, it was not a hundred years of constant battle; there were periods of truces in between. 2 One cause for the Hundred Years' War was the claim to the French throne. The conflict began when the direct line of succession died without a male heir and the nobles decided to pass the crown to a cousin, Philip of Valois. But this left two other male cousins equally deserving of the crown; Charles, King of Navarre and Edward III, King of England. 3 Edward III claimed that he himself was deserving of the throne because his mother was the sister of the late French king, while Philip VI was only a cousin. But according to French law, no women could inherit the throne, nor could the crown be inherited through a woman. 4 "Philip of Valois chances of becoming King of France had been remote and he had not been brought up as the future lieutenant of God on Earth. Philip VI spent much of his resources on entertainment and finery with gay abandon." 5 This caused conflict with the king's subjects. Since the king was considered to be sacred and inviolable, neither cousin would challenge Philip VI. However, they would exploit the situation and King Edward III lost no time and invaded Normandy with an army of 10,000 men. 6 This leads to another cause for The Hundred Years' War. The land along the Channel and Atlantic coasts was England's first line of defense against an invasion. England held claim to this territory from the twelth century through the marriage of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. King Edward III was determined to gain control of the French coastline while providing himself with a bridgehead for future expeditions into France. 7 But the major cause of The Hundred Years' War was the economic interest - the revenues to be gotten from this rich territory. Wine was Gasgony's largest export product and major source of income to the vassal. Wool was England's largest export product and the source of its wealth. English pastures produced fleeces that were the envy of Europe which Flanders depended on for its wool and linen market. 8 English sheep growers sold their long fine wool to weavers in Flanders, across the English Channel. Flemish weavers as well as English sheep growers depended on this trade for their business. In 1336, Philip VI arrested all the English merchants in Flanders and took away all the privileges of the Flemish towns and the craft guilds. Resulting in the Flemings revolting against the French control and making an alliance with England. 9 Consequently, the flourishing market of the industrial cities of Ghent, Bruges, Antwerp and Ypres were naturally coveted by the Kings of France and England. Moreover, the Bordeaux harbor was within the borders of English Gascony and was the center of the shipping and trading industry. Commodities such as grains, dairy products, dyes and salt would be shipped into Bordeaux via the Dordogne and Garonne Rivers and the merchants were charged a customs fee for these products. Also, Bordeaux would receive duties on wine, whether shipped-in or grown on Gascon soil. Consequently, the profits from the tolls and customs made Bordeaux the economic capital of Gascony. Furthermore, control of neighboring areas such as Guyenne and Calais were economically vital. Their union with Bordeaux would ensure England with a monopoly of the shipping and trading industry from Spain, Portugal and Brittany. 10 France was the richest country in Europe and its army was much larger than England's. In addition, France's army consisted of hired mercenaries. Therefore, France should have quickly defeated England. But France's army consisted of heavily armored knights who were less mobile against the agile English swordsmen. The French military leaders

History of the Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping

History of the Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping On the evening of March 1, 1932, famous aviator Charles Lindbergh and his wife put their 20-month-old baby, Charles (â€Å"Charlie†) Augustus Lindbergh Jr., to bed in his upstairs nursery. However, when Charlie’s nurse went to check on him at 10 pm, he was gone; someone had kidnapped him. News of the kidnapping shocked the world. While the Lindberghs were dealing with ransom notes that promised the safe return of their son, a truck driver stumbled upon the decomposing remains of little Charlie on May 12, 1932, in a shallow grave less than five miles from where he had been taken. Now looking for a murderer, the police, FBI, and other government agencies stepped up their manhunt. After two years, they caught Bruno Richard Hauptmann, who was convicted of first-degree murder and executed. Charles Lindbergh, American Hero Young, good looking, and shy, Charles Lindbergh made Americans proud when he was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in May 1927. His accomplishment, as well as his demeanor, endeared him to the public and he soon became one of the most popular people in the world. The dashing and popular young aviator didn’t stay single long. On a tour of Latin America in December 1927, Lindbergh met heiress Anne Morrow in Mexico, where her father was the U.S. ambassador. During their courtship, Lindbergh taught Morrow to fly and she eventually became Lindbergh’s co-pilot, helping him survey transatlantic air routes. The young couple married on May 27, 1929; Morrow was 23 and Lindbergh was 27. Their first child, Charles (â€Å"Charlie†) Augustus Lindbergh Jr., was born on June 22, 1930. His birth was publicized around the globe; the press called him â€Å"the Eaglet,† a nickname stemming from Lindbergh’s own moniker, â€Å"the Lone Eagle.† The Lindbergh’s New House The famous couple, now with a famous son, tried to escape the limelight by building a 20-room house in a secluded spot in the Sourland Mountains of central New Jersey, near the town of Hopewell. While the estate was being built, the Lindberghs stayed with Morrow’s family in Englewood, New Jersey, but when the house was nearing completion, they’d often stay the weekends at their new home.  Thus, it was an anomaly that the Lindberghs were still at their new home on Tuesday, March 1, 1932. Little Charlie had come down with a cold and so the Lindberghs had decided to stay rather than travel back to Englewood. Staying with the Lindberghs that night were a housekeeping couple and the baby’s nurse, Betty Gow. Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr, son of the American aviator, on his first birthday. A few months later he was kidnapped from his home and murdered. (Photo by BIPS/Getty Images) Events of the Kidnapping Little Charlie still had a cold when he went to bed that night on March 1, 1932 in his nursery on the second floor. Around 8 pm, his nurse went to check on him and all seemed well. Then around 10 pm, nurse Gow checked in on him again and he was gone. She rushed to tell the Lindberghs. After making a quick search of the house and not finding little Charlie, Lindbergh called the police. There were muddy footprints on the floor and the window to the nursery was wide open. Fearing the worst, Lindbergh grabbed his rifle and went out into the woods to look for his son. The police arrived and thoroughly searched the grounds. They found a homemade ladder believed to have been used to kidnap Charlie due to scrape marks on the outside of the house near the second-floor window. Also found was a ransom note on the nursery’s windowsill demanding $50,000 in return for the baby. The note warned Lindbergh there would be trouble if he involved the police. The note had misspellings and the dollar sign was placed after the ransom amount. Some of the misspellings, such as â€Å"the child is in gute care,† led the police to suspect a recent immigrant was involved in the kidnapping. A postcard from the kidnapper.The kidnapping of Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr, the eldest son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was one of the most highly publicized crimes of the 20th century. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images The Liaison On March 9, 1932, a 72-year-old retired teacher from the Bronx named Dr. John Condon called the Lindberghs and claimed that he had written a letter to the Bronx Home News offering to act as an intermediary between Lindbergh and the kidnapper(s). According to Condon, the day after his letter was published, the kidnapper contacted him. Desperate to get his son back, Lindbergh allowed Condon to be his liaison and kept the police at bay. On April 2, 1932, Dr. Condon delivered the ransom money of gold certificates (serial numbers recorded by the police) to a man at St. Raymonds Cemetery, while Lindbergh waited in a nearby car. The man (known as Cemetery John) did not give the baby to Condon, but instead gave Condon a note revealing the babys location – on a boat called the Nelly, between Horseneck beach and Gay Head near Elizabeth Island. However, after a thorough search of the area, no boat was found, nor the baby. On May 12, 1932, a truck driver found the baby’s decomposed body in the woods a few miles from the Lindbergh estate. It was believed that the child had been dead since the night of the kidnapping; the baby’s skull was fractured. Police speculated that the kidnapper might have dropped the baby when he came down the ladder from the second floor. Kidnapper Captured For two years, the police and the FBI watched for serial numbers from the ransom money, providing the list of numbers to banks and stores. In September 1934, one of the gold certificates showed up at a gas station in New York. The gas attendant became suspicious since gold certificates had gone out of circulation the year before and the man purchasing gas had spent a $10 gold certificate to buy only 98 cents of gas. Worried that the gold certificate might be counterfeit, the gas attendant wrote down the license plate number of the car on the gold certificate and gave it to the police. When the police tracked down the car, they found that it belonged to Bruno Richard Hauptmann, an illegal German immigrant carpenter. Police ran a check on Hauptmann and found that Hauptmann had a criminal record in his hometown of Kamenz, Germany, where he had used a ladder to climb into the second-story window of a home to steal money and watches. Police searched Hauptmann’s home in the Bronx and found $14,000 of the Lindbergh ransom money hidden in his garage. Evidence Hauptmann was arrested on September 19, 1934, and tried for murder beginning on January 2, 1935. Evidence included the homemade ladder, which matched boards missing from Hauptmann’s attic floorboards; a writing sample that reportedly matched the writing on the ransom note; and a witness that claimed to have seen Hauptmann on the Lindbergh estate the day before the crime. Additionally, other witnesses claimed that Hauptmann gave them the ransomed bills at various businesses; Condon claimed to recognize Hauptmann as Cemetery John; and Lindbergh claimed to recognize Hauptmann’s German accent from the graveyard. Hauptmann took the stand, but his denials did not convince the court. On February 13, 1935, the jury convicted Hauptmann of first-degree murder. He was put to death by electric chair on April 3, 1936, for the murder of Charles A. Lindbergh Jr.

Final Exam Questions and Answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Exam Questions and Answers - Assignment Example Vapor from the surface of the earth into clouds of water in the air which then falls to the ground as rain is however excluded from this model. The concept of a healthy and an environmentally sustainable diet is a call for many in today’s generations. However, with ever-increasing concern about the future of food security and climate change there is significant renewed interest in the subject. Healthy and sustainable diet keen to help in reducing greenhouse gas emission have focused on reducing consumption of meat and dairy products. Recent research shows that it is practical to meet a proper diet that that is healthy and has lower emissions (Macdiarmid 14). A third of the cereals produced are fed to animals; the number of people that can be fed from these cereals is more than those fed from the animal products. Therefore, incentives through legislation can be employed to realize this. For example, input subsidies among others. The masses can also be educated on other benefits of a vegetarian diet such as healthy eating (Clonan 460). LCA is an assessment that quantifies the environmental impact, which includes raw materials, energy and emissions from eraction to end of life. The steps involved include; Scoping- involves defining the system and its boundaries. Inventory Analysis involves quantifying material and energy flows throughout the system. Impact assessment encompasses translating inventory data into meaningful impacts for example acidification, eutrophication. Improvement and interpretation analysis- making deductions and recommendations for example reduced carbon emissions. Sustainability is use of renewable and non-renewable resources for economic reasons in a way that does not hinder future generations from utilizing the same resources in future. The triple bottom line suggests that impact on environment due to resource use should be bearable to the society, the economic gains should be equitably distributed to

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project management - Essay Example It is usually, a temporary undertaking with specific goals in mind. It, thus, does not fall under the confines of normal business operations. As such, it is bounded by time, resources and the required results from the project. It, however, needs to be planned from the beginning to the end. A project is subjected to some certain constraints. These constraints range from time, personnel, money, equipment and the necessary facilities. The success of a project is hinged on the specific situation in which it has been employed. This stems from the fact that in some situations the concerned parties may be willing to sacrifice certain features for a hastened recovery. In dissimilar situations, parties may be willing to extend the respective timelines so as to build on quality results. The reality, however, is that rarely do projects run smoothly throughout its process. Research has shown that only about thirty four percent of projects are completed on time and on budget (Lock, 2007). Thus, each project that has been implemented has a significant probability of encountering snugs along the way to completion. For a project to be considered a success, it has to meet certain prerequisites. The project must meet its intended objectives and requirements. These are the reasons behind the formation of the project. Thus, it is imperative that it meets these objectives. In the event whereby some of the intended objectives and requirements are not met, it will necessitate a restructuring of the strategy that was employed as this forms the foundation of the project (Lock, 2007). In the event where this occurs, irrespective of the actualization of other factors of success, the project will still be deemed a failure. A project must operate within the confines of a pre-established budget. If it deviates from this budget the probability of failure significantly rises. The goal is to work within the constraints sourced from the budget and still met project goals, thus making the client happy. However, certain situations arise whereby, the set budget is not sufficient to cater for all the required features. The project management team has only two options to employ. It can either choose to ultimately increase the budget or it can decide to cut the scope of the project. Budget concern is the most vital. As such, the project management team must deliberate w ith the client on the features they are willing to sacrifice so as to stay within the allocated budget. This forms one of the reasons behind the rationale that effective project management is not an easy endeavour. The client might insist on the project meeting all the features in a situation where this is near impossible. To avoid such scenarios, it is imperative to iron out such details upfront before embarking on the project. A characteristic of any project is that it has three variables that can be adjusted throughout the process. These variables are the scope, the timing and the allocated budget. As such, it is important to find out from the client which of the variables are vital to them and which ones can be adjusted. Each project must strive to operate within the set timeline. This stems from the fact that it can result into havoc in the event where it is not appropriately managed. When a deadline has been established, the first question becomes whether it is a hard deadline or a soft deadline. A hard deadline does not necessarily indicate the complexities that will be encountered if the project is not complete by that time. Rather, it implies the nature of the deadline is such that, it has dependencies hinged on it. It is not impossible to alter but, it may eventuate in potentially embarrassing the client. In this

Unconscious Communication and Defence Mechanisms

Unconscious Communication and Defence Mechanisms According to Frayne[1] unconscious communication is one of the three types of communication, the other two being conscious and preconscious. To the clinician, it is critical to understand the full nature of unconscious communication, defence mechanisms and the manner in which these interact in the therapeutic environment[2]. The therapeutic environment is often prey to issues of transference, countertransference and a multitude of defence mechanisms. As a result, it is essential that the clinician understand how issues of transactional analysis impact both the patient and therapist. The therapeutic setting is one based on a close relationship, that of patient and clinician. Both parties bring their own beliefs and perceptions, personality, stages of development and behaviours to the therapeutic experience. As a result, both parties are prey to their own types of unconscious communication and use of various defence mechanisms. Frayne[3] states â€Å"Contemporary psychoanalytic interventions (require that) the analyst be able to work in that transitional field that joins the unconscious of the patient and the analyst.† This paper will highlight the many concepts involved in the roles of unconscious communication, defence mechanisms, transactional analysis and the transference and countertransference experience. In order to highlight these issues and how they can manifest themselves, this paper will present the case of B.A., a 13-year-old child who has been in the therapeutic setting for 5 months. Following the case presentation, topics will be explored in a reflective manner. Case Presentation B.A. is a 13-year-old Caucasian male who presented to the therapeutic setting as a result of maladaptive behaviour displayed at home and in the school setting. B.A. is one of four children born to working class parents, both of whom work a traditional 8:30 – 6:00 work day. B. A. is second oldest and the only male child. His other sisters are 15, 10 and 7 years of age, respectively. B.A. has had history of excellent grades, mostly As and a few Bs for the majority of his public education and has been cited as a good citizen by his teachers. Five months ago, B.A.s grades significantly dropped to near failing, his attitude was oppositional, he was frequently truant and B.A. became involved with numerous fights with other children. When school counsellors brought the issues to B.A.s parents, his parents acknowledged that B. A. changed at home as well, being oppositional and defiant. Both his teachers and parents cited increased frequency of lying and his parents stated â€Å"It is getting impossible to tell the difference between when he is telling us the truth or a lie. We wonder if he even knows the difference anymore, whether he believes his lies really are the truth.† Upon closer familial examination, B. A.s parents admitted they had been having marital problems, including issues of betrayal and infidelity such that there have been â€Å"regular loud shouting matches† and arguments in the house. During those times B.A. would stay in his room and turn the volume on his stereo up, causing more stress within the household. The infidelity was first uncovered six months ago at which time B.A.s parents discussed divorce options, which B. A. overheard. A precipitating incident involving night time vandalism four months ago at his school led to court involvement and mandated psychological counselling for a period of one year. The reflective nature of this paper is based on two months of bi-weekly therapeutic sessions. Unconscious Communication Frayn[4] tells us that unconscious communication can only be inferred, as it cannot be tangibly seen, but only sensed in the therapeutic setting, primarily during those times of silence. There were many times that B.A. maintained his silence, primarily during those times when he was challenged to explain his behaviour, justify his actions or explain his thought processes. Although his overt actions during these silent periods could be interpreted as insolent behaviour, there was no way to truly know what unconscious mechanisms were engaged, but a series of defence mechanisms were evident in his therapy and were inferred as greatly influenced by the unconscious process[5]. Defence Mechanisms Frayn[6] believes that unconscious processes are often a form of â€Å"acting out† in the therapeutic environment, in particular those under age seven, where children find it easier to act instead of talk[7]. This is particularly evident in the transactional analysis approach when dealing with dysfunctional or challenged adolescents, like B.A. who respond with childlike reactions when stressed. In particular, Araujo, Feldman and Steiner[8] state that defence mechanisms are a function of age, sex and status of mental health. In particular, those unconscious actions and reactions are involuntary but serve to reduce a perceived threat as reality-distorting mechanisms postulated to form themselves in the unconscious[9]. Araujo et al. [10] state that youths with psychological issues have a tendency to display less mature defence mechanism such as â€Å"denial, projection, regression, passive aggression and displacement† even though they are considered ineffective coping stra tegies for an adolescent. More mature defence mechanisms are considered â€Å"sublimation, anticipation, affiliation, suppression and humour.† This concept is particularly important to the therapeutic environment as the defence mechanisms among mentally healthy early adolescents differ from the mentally healthy mid-adolescent. The older the individual on the child to mid-adolescent continuum, the less the patient should be employing immature defence mechanisms[11]. Similarly, the higher the level of emotional intelligence, the less one relies on maladaptive defence mechanisms that often prove inconsistent and illogical[12]. B.A.s impulsive and acting out behaviour coupled with his lies made therapy particularly difficult. Elaad[13] tells us that lying is a method of deceptive communication that provides an advantage to the deceiver, stating that those with poor social skills use methods of deception more frequently than others with lesser levels of guilt over their deception. From a transactional analysis standpoint, Elaad[14] states that the bad-child indulges in defence mechanisms that feel natural, as the ego state attem pts to rid itself of parental pressure. Clinicians need to be aware of developmental stages and influences, such as emotional intelligence in order to effectively intervene for the patient, especially if significant unconscious communication mechanisms are in place[15]. Given B.A.s familial discord, it was not difficult to see that when B.A. acted out or displayed other defence mechanisms, including his frequent lying, issues of transference were part of the therapeutic process. Transference The defence maturity model postulated by Vaillant[16] believes that defence projection is the result of unacceptable feelings or relations with another that are displaced and redirected away from one person and directed at a less-cared-for-person, often a therapist. For those patients experiencing unconscious emotions, many times patients will shift their unconscious feelings towards another person instead of dealing with them personally[17]. B.A. appears to be transferring and projecting his own unresolved parental/authoritarian conflicts on his therapist and although he displays occasional glimmers of wanting to please and receive the favour of his therapist and gain a feeling of security, the security he used to feel with his parents before the familial discord. Countertransference Haarhoff[18] tells us that for the therapist, an awareness of countertransference, whereby the therapist unconsciously projects their own unresolved conflicts on the patient can have negative repercussions and consequences if the therapist ignores â€Å"or fails to understand his or her own emotional reactions† including the inability to set limits with a patient, feel inhibited to discuss various topics and other manifestations of avoidant behaviour. As a therapist, issues of countertransference are also paramount in B.A.s therapy, as feeling of anger at being lied to or suspecting that B.A. is lying during therapy sessions creates feelings of wasted time when time in for sessions is limited and B.A. avoids various topics and time management is one of the personal stressors this writer experiences. Awareness of countertransference creates boundary issues with a therapist[19]. In particular with B.A., it appears that a more demanding and controlling nature seems to overshadow the therapeutic process. Conclusion The use of defence mechanisms in the therapeutic environment is important to identify, as, according to Reisner[20] different types of neuroses are associated with different types of defence mechanisms. For example, those who are high in hysterical identifiers are more likely to employ repression as a defence mechanism where those who are obsessive compulsive, considered sensitizers, are hypervigilant to any kind of threatening stimuli[21]. Feldman and Steiner[22] believe that the more a therapist knows about defence mechanisms, particularly those who deal with children and adolescents, that knowledge can be used to predict levels of pathology among their patients. Aalto-Setala et al. [23] tell us that unconscious behaviours, such as communication and defence mechanisms are associated with an effort by the patient to manage their conflict. In particular, researchers found that the greater levels of immature defence mechanism use by adolescents â€Å"is associated with the onset of mood disorders in adults[24].† Successful therapeutic intervention must assess both conscious and unconscious communication in the patient and therapist. Bibliography Aalto-Setala, Terhi, Lonnqvist, Jouko, Poikolainen, Kari and Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamari. Psychological Defence Styles in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Follow-up Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997. Araujo, Katy B., Feldman, S. Shirley and Steiner, Hans. Defense Mechanisms in Adolescents as a Function of Age, Sex, and Mental Health Status. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996. Cashwell, Craig S., Schweiger, Wendi K. and Watts, Randolph H., Jr. Fostering Intrinsic motivation in Children: A Humanistic Counseling Process. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development. 2004. Clark, Arthur J. Scapegoating: Dynamics and Interventions in Group Counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development. 2002. Elaad, Eitan. Detection of Deception: A Transactional Analysis Perspective. The Journal of Psychology. 1993. Feldman, S. Shirley and Steiner, Hans. Two Approaches to the Measurement of Adaptive Style: Comparison of Normal, Psychosomatically Ill, and Delinquent Adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995. Frayn, Douglas H. Unconscious Communication and its Relational Manifestations in the Analytic Process. Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis. 1998. Haarhoff, Beverly A. The Importance of Identifying and Understanding Therapist Schema in Cognitive Therapy Training and Supervision. New Zealand Journal of Psychology. 2006. Jones, Alun C. Transference and Countertransference. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2004. Murray, Robert J. The Therapeutic Use of Forgiveness in Healing Intergenerational Pain. Counseling and Values. 2002. OReilly-Knapp, Marye and Erskine Richard G. Core Concepts of an Integrative Transactional Analysis. Transactional Analysis Journal. 2003. Pellitteri, John. The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Ego Defense Mechanisms. The Journal of Psychology. 2002. Pires dos Santos, Manuel J. Countertransference in Psychotherapy and Psychiatry Today. Presented at the XXII Brazilian Congress of Psychiatry, Salvador B. A., Brazil. October 2004. Reisner, Andrew D. Repressed Memories: True and False. The Psychological Record. 1996. Footnotes [1]D. Frayn, Unconscious Communication and Its Relational Manifestations in the Analytic Process, Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1998) 207. [2]Frayn 208. [3]Frayn 207. [4]Frayn 208. [5]Frayn 210. [6]Frayn 211. [7]Frayn 211. [8]K. B. Araujo, S. S. Feldman and H. Steiner, Defense Mechanisms in Adolescents as a Function of Age, Sex and Mental Health Status, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1996. [9]A. Freud 1966 as cited by Araujo et al. [10]K. B. Araujo et al. 1996. [11]K. B. Araujo et al. 1996. [12]J. Pellitteri, The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Ego Defense Mechanisms, The Journal of Psychology, 2002. [13]E. Elaad, Detection of Deception: A Transactional Analysis Perspective, The Journal of Psychology, 1993. [14]Elaad 1996. [15]Pellitteri 2002. [16]Vaillant, 1986 as cited by S. S. Feldman and H. Steiner, Two approaches to the Measurement of Adaptive Style: Comparison of Normal, Psychosomatically Ill and Delinquent Adolescents, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1995. [17]Pellitteri, 2002. [18]B. A. Haarhoff, The Importance of Identifying and Understanding Therapist Schema in Cognitive Therapy Training and Supervision, New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 2006. [19]Haarhoff 2006. [20]A. D. Reisner, Repressed Memories: True and False. The Psychological Record, 1996. [21]Reisner 1996. [22]Feldman and Steiner 1995. [23]Aalto-Setala et al. 1997. [24]Feldman and Steiner 1995; T. Aalto-Setala, J. Lonnqvist, K. Poikolainen and A. Tuulio-Henriksson, Psychological Defense Styles in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Follow-up Study, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997.

Abington Hill Toys

ABINGTON-HILL TOYS, INC. 1. INTRODUCTION Abington-Hill Toys’ new president, Vernon Albright, hires a new company comptroller, David Hartly. Hartly’s first task was to complete an analysis of the firm’s condition and generate financial planning for the company. 2. METHODOLOGY A. Current ratio B. Acid-test ratio C. Inventory Turnover Ratio D. Debt-Equity ratio E. Gross Margin F. Net Profit Margin G. Z Score 3. SOLUTION A. 280,000/290,000=. 97 B. 130,000/290,000=. 45 C. 900,000/150,000=6 D. 490,000/710,000=. 69 E. 300,000/1,200,000=. 25 F. 60,480/1,200,000=. 05 G. 1. (-10,000/1,200,000)+1. 4(60,480/1,200,000)+3. 3(126,000/1,200,000)+ 1. 05(1,200,000/1,200,000)=1. 46 4. CONCLUSION The current ratio of . 97 means for every $. 97 of current assets, Abington Hill Toys has $1 of current liabilities. Since the current ratio is less than the standard of 3. 5, Abington Hill Toys implies a high risk and a probable incapability to generate sufficient working capital to meet i ts short-term needs. The acid-test ratio of . 45 is less than half of its current ratio which means Abington Hill Toys’ inventory comprises of more than half of its current assets.The inventory turnover ratio of 6 is higher than 5 which is the standard for companies in this industry. Since this ratio is higher than average, Abington Hill Toys is showing strong sales. The higher than standard inventory ratio could also mean ineffective buying of inventory. The debt-equity ratio of . 69 means Abington Hill Toys has $. 69 of debt to every dollar of equity. This would put them in at a lower risk to enhance financial leverage. The gross margin is at 25%. This means Abington Hill Toys is only profiting 25% above their direct costs. This is equivalent to the standard of other companies in this industry.The net profit margin of 5% is less than the standard of 8%. Abington Hill Toys’ net profit margin means equity holders will only receive 5% from every dollar after all expense s, interest, and taxes are paid. The low Z score of 1. 46 would sway me to not lend the money. By Altman’s scale, Abington Hill Toys has a 95% chance of going into bankruptcy in 12 months. Along with the high probability of going into bankruptcy within 12 months, the net profit margin of 5% doesn’t seem worthwhile. I would rather invest in something safer for that low of a return.

Development of Greek Architecture

Same for Doric Style Visual Comparison -List the differences, similarities -Were the circumstances vastly different during the time periods of each (war, peace, etc. )? Conclusion Development of Greek Architecture: The Doric and Ionic Orders Undoubtedly, most eople have had the experience of driving around neighborhoods to look at Christmas lights with their family. We have all seen those humongous, beautiful houses or churches with the winding driveway, tall windows, or columns framing the face of the house.However, very few people may stop to actually examine the homes and wonder about why they were made the way that they were. People may not know of the architectural structures from hundreds of thousands of years ago that are influencing those modern buildings. Columns, for example, are remnants of an era that changed the way that many cultures build structures; the height of Ancient Greece. The Doric and Ionic orders arose during that time and remain a staple in structural design . I will explain the two orders as well as compare them using two different, specific temples.I will also give background information on the architects of each temple, on new ideas that sprung up during this time, and on events that could have influenced the development of structure in Greece and surrounding areas. During the Orientalizing Period in the seventh century, the Greeks built a temple at Prinias that resembled the Mycenaean megaron which travelers may have seen uring a Journey for trade. However, in sixth century BCE, known as the Archaic Period, Greek architects began to look to Egyptian structures such as the columnar halls in Karnak.With these in mind, they began to build the stone columnar temples that have become the iconic Greek style and have influenced architecture throughout the Western world. The basic Greek peristyle temple was put under the intense study of architects and philosophers who were trying the find a way to construct the ‘perfect temple'. Vitr uvius, a Greek writer, documented that both doric and ionic types eveloped while architects were trying to translate the styles of temples that were made of wood, mud bricks, and other less durable materials into stone and marble temples.These would undoubtedly last longer and if they could discover the optimal proportions, they could potentially build their ideal or ‘perfect' temple. People started searching for a mathematical formula that could be used to calculate the correct balance for all parts of the temple, which reflected the thinking of philosopher Pythagoras of Samos. He believed that that beauty resided in the harmony of ratios, so a Greek architect named Iktinos came up with a set roportional scheme that resulted in a formula for the best balanced temple.Within the bounds of this formulaic approach, there developed two systems, or orders of designing the three parts of ‘elevation' in a Greek temple. The three parts are the platform (stylobate), the colonnade , and the superstructure (entablature). The Doric order and the Ionic order differ in the detail and proportions of these parts. Their names are derived from the cultures and areas from which they supposedly originated (Dorians in central and southern Greece and Ionians in Athens and ‘Ionia', the west coast and Asia Minor).Both systems had the basic elements of a Greek temple (elevation from a platform, columns with a fluted shaft and a capital, entablatures with a frieze, a pediment, so on and so forth). The striking differences occurred in the designs ot these elements The Doric order was the tirst to develop during the 6th century. It had a much sturdier, squat look than the later ionic styles. The columns were thick, immense stone cuts that sat atop the stylobate. The fluted shafts were topped with a pancake-looking, simple capital that had a rectangular slab (abacus) between it and the bottom of the entablature.Resting on the columns is the entablature which includes an a rchitrave (closest to the columns), a frieze, a cornice, a pediment, and a raking cornice. (All of these describe the order of the temple from bottom to top). A distinctive feature of the doric order is that the frieze is broken up vertically by triglyphs and metopes. The plain, flat capital also marks a difference between the doric system and other styles. An example of a classic Doric order temple would be the Temple of Hera I which is located in Paestum, Italy (see Image #1).It was constructed around 550 BCE and is 80 feet tall and 170 feet wide. Also referred to as the ‘Basilica', its thick columns (nine across the front and back and eighteen down both sides) are closely spaced and resemble the shape of a cigar because they taper in slightly at the top. They are topped with the flat, circular capitals. Although almost the entire collection of columns remains, the majority of the entablature is no longer there. The Ionic order developed a little after the Doric Order, in th e a different area.The system began with the same basic structure of temple, including a platform or stylobate, columns (which occasionally had a base hat stood out from the shaft), a capital, and an entablature with an architrave, frieze, cornice, and pediment. However, the columns are slightly farther apart from each other and they are also more slender than the doric style. A good way to imagine an ionic temple is of it having ‘lost weight'. They are not significantly taller, but may appear so because thinner columns and spacing. The capital is made of two volutes and resembles the curling ends of a scroll.Some other distinct aspects of the Ionic system are that the frieze is left open and undivided, and also that the architrave is generally subdivided into three bands. As I previously mentioned, ionic temples also had columns with a base that was distinguishable from the fluted shaft. The Temple of Athena Sounias, located at Cape Sounia, still stands with a full entablatur e (see Image #3). You can see the volutes on the capitals of the slender columns. However, the frieze is divided up by triglyphs and metopes, and you can also see the smooth architrave.Both of these reflect the elements of the original doric craftsmanship, so this piece of architecture cannot be considered exclusively ionic, as it has some doric influence. This temple was built in the middle of the 5th century, which would xplain the dualism in the style of attributes on the temple. A more modern, but basically accurate example of the Ionic style would be the University of Oslo in Norway (see image #4). The frontal steps lead up to a colonnaded porch, with columns reaching from their bases to their scroll-like capitals. The architrave is banded, but the frieze is completely smooth and open.The pediment is also filled with figures all positioned so that they fit into triangle shape but still maintain proper proportions, which was used in previous eras. The temples themselves had vari ous internal structures which varied depending n the architect, the region, or the purpose of the building. Some temples had columns that only went across the front (prostyle) while some had them across the front and back (amphiprostyle). Temples like the Temple of Athena Sounias and the Temple ot Hera I are reterred to as ‘peristyle' because they nave columns all the way around the cella (inner sacred room) and the porch area.However, all of the distinctive qualities of both the Doric order and Ionic order are mainly centered in features at the front of the temples, as well as their columns. The Greek architects' insistence on proportional harmony was the driving force ehind many styles between the sixth and fourth centuries. The closest that they ever came to achieving a ‘perfect temple' was the Parthenon, built on the Acropolis of Athens in the mid-flfth century BCE (see Image #5).

The Biggest Sharks in the World

The whale shark holds the title of the worlds biggest shark species. Growing to a length of about 65 feet (the length of about 1 1/2 school buses!) and weighing about 75,000 pounds, this streamlined fish is really a gentle giant.   Some areas frequented by these sharks, such as Ningaloo Reef  in Australia, have become popular tourist destinations because of their swim-with-sharks programs. Whale sharks live  in tropical and warmer temperate waters in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. In addition to their size, these sharks can be easily recognized by their gorgeous coloration, which is formed from lighter spots and stripes over a gray, blue or brown skin. They also have very wide mouths, which they use to eat tiny prey -- primarily plankton, crustaceans, and small fish, which are filtered from the water as the shark swims. The second-biggest shark species is the basking shark, which grows to about 40 feet long. These animals are also plankton feeders. They live primarily in temperate ocean waters throughout the world. The Biggest Shark Filmed In summer 2015, a video swept the news, touting it was the biggest shark ever filmed. What many of the news reports failed to mention is the species. There are more than 400 shark species, and they range in size from the 60-foot whale shark to pygmy sharks and lantern sharks that are less than a foot long when fully grown. The biggest shark filmed was actually a white shark, also known as a great white shark. At average lengths of 10 to 15 feet, white sharks are generally much smaller than a whale shark or basking shark.   So, while the 20-foot white shark nicknamed Deep Blue may (or may not) be the largest white shark ever filmed, its by far not the largest shark ever filmed as there is plenty of video footage of much larger whale sharks and their slightly smaller relatives, the basking shark.   The Biggest Shark Ever Caught According to the International Game Fish Association, the largest shark ever caught was a white shark nabbed in  Ceduna, Australia. This shark weighed 2,664 pounds.   Another one of the largest white sharks caught is thought to be a 20-foot shark caught by a trawler about 12 miles off the coast of Prince Edward Island, Canada. The significance of the sharks size was underestimated at the time, and the shark was initially buried. Eventually, a scientist dug it up to investigate it and realized the enormity of the find. The shark was later estimated to have been about 20 years old, meaning it may still have had some growing to do Sources Bateman, D. 2015. Canadian Who Caught Real-Life Jaws Wishes He Hadnt. Toronto Star Newspapers. CBS News. 2015. Giant Great White Shark Caught OFF P.E.I. Was a Teenager. Grenoble, R. 2015. This Is Deep Blue, Probably the Biggest Shark Youve Ever Seen. The Huffington Post.Martins, Carol, and Craig Knickle. 2009.  Whale Shark.  Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.