Details of Past Tense Essay Topics

Details of Past Tense Essay Topics The future tense is used for discussing things that haven't occurred yet or which are anticipated to occur sooner or later. The fragmented break in continuity makes it tough to place actions in connection with each other. To compose a fantastic argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, which enables them to make an educated stance. If you would like to write in another language, you should practice in creative ways each and every day. High school isn't free in Kenya. Connections may also be diagonal. However, do your best not to only practice with extra time, or you will be unprepared for the true GRE Analytical Writing essays. Essay Edge is an internet essay editing resource which aids with academic and admissions essays. There are a few commonalities across each of the essay prompts on the GRE Argument pool page, even past the fact which every task asks you to examine some sort of argument and analyze it. The sorts of essays are the exact same for both overall training and academic IELTS papers. Typically, narrative essays are written in the very first person. If you've got to compose a longer or more intricate essay, it may help to outline either side of the argument before you begin writing. Just make sure to save your essay into a distinct document on your computer so you may return and read and score it afterwards. A thesis is the principal argument of your essay. Many of them are only utilized in specific scenarios, so won't apply to the majority of sections of an essay. This isn't an instance of the work generated by our essay writing service. The present perfect tense is also utilised to demonstrate action begun before and continuing in the present. There are many modest details to learn, and the procedure takes quite a bit of time and commitment. So, you'll be more inclined to write it correctly next moment. Every challenge is a chance to learn. Experience impacts the future. Obtaining support from your community in respect to your company is something which can't only help to increase your business enterprise, but nevertheless, it may also have a dramatic improvement in your quality of life too. You would like to do your research and make certain that you're getting involved with an organization which has a very good reputation for supporting their franchisees. However, as you prepare, acquiring a side-by-side list of points can assist in developing your thesis. There are different kinds of topics you may touch upon, because it is all dependent on you. It is irrelevant if you teach English online or whether you're a classroom teacher, we wish to understand about your teaching styles. You will likely have to customize these rubrics to fulfill your aims and standards, but these should provide you a good place to begin. The very first step of writing a cause and effect essay is inventing an outline that will act as a guide throughout the approach. This procedure will help expand your vocabulary with time. This procedure for acting in the manner of a reporter will provide you with valuable quotes, resources and vocabulary to start the writing process. Not just to finish high school but additionally to acquire a greater education. What You Should Do to Find Out About past Tense Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind Reading the text backwards make you concentrate on the rules of grammar rather than the stream of the sentence. Devices, you adhere to the dialogues and films which range from the thesis. Typically, you won't have to do this too often in academic writing. This is particularly true in novels where characters' memories form an essential part of the narrative. This friend will likewise be able to point out grammatical or spelling errors that you could have missed. Locate a really comprehensive topic so you have all of the words on the planet to play with.

Technology and Language in Education The Effect of New...

Technology and Language in Education: The Effect of New Technology on Teaching Languages Annie Moore, a 15-year-old girl from Ireland arrived at Ellis Island in New York City on January 1, 1892. She was the first immigrant to come to that United States immigration station, but she was certainly not the last. According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2000), 28.4 million of the 285.2 million US residents in 2000 were foreign-born. With such a large amount of our population being foreign-born, the need for effective language education is immense. The use of technology is very useful in alleviating the pressure of such a tremendous demand for ESL (English as a second language) and EFL (English as a foreign language) programs (Education†¦show more content†¦Distance, ignorance, a lack of teachers, and unavailability of resources are no longer obstacles for educators and students alike. As described in an article by Robert Macias and David James Rose in Hispanic magazine, Educators in Arlington County Schools in northern Virginia reacted uniquely when faced with the dilemma of not being able to address all of the individual needs of each student. When the unavailability of a teacher, or lack of enough interest in a class made it unrealistic to create a class, they simply connected schools together. They use an innovative program called the Electronic Classroom to broadcast a class and its instructor from one location to other sites instantly. According to Pat Teske, distance-learning specialist for the Washington, D.C.-area district, â€Å"the Electronic Classroom connects three classrooms in county high schools via video and audio monitors† (1994). An Advanced Placement course was taught in three area high schools- Wakefield, Yorktown, and Washington-Lee. The teacher, who instructed from a specially designed site at Washington-Lee, was not only seen and heard by students in the other two schools, but he could see and hear them as well. The students in all three schools were able to interact and communicate, as if they were all in the same room. In addition, since the class is broadcast on cable television, students who are sick at home are still able to watch and hear theShow MoreRelatedEffective Instruction For English Learners1414 Words   |  6 Pagesfor teaching students English Language. They also review the most successful models for teaching non native speakers. The authors indicate that the most important approach to enhance and improve the outcomes for English learners is to reform the â€Å"entire† school, and use an effective approach such as the approach of Success for All(SFA). SFA approach has been used widely in many schools in the USA. Then, the authors indicate eight elements â€Å"of effective practices for English learners: language andRead MoreTechnology Has Changed Our Society Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesRATIONALE The predominance of technology has significantly influenced our society. Technology is being used all over the place, anywhere and is instant. When we say technology, it can mean a lot of things. But according to the New Zealand Ministry of Education, â€Å"technology is the use of practical and intellectual resources to develop products and systems (technological outcomes) that expand human possibilities by addressing needs and realising opportunities.† Technology is currently more complex andRead MoreThe Concept Of E Learning Inclusion Into An Education Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesinclusion into an education begins with the teacher and the manner in which they teach. A simple explanation of the view is that the teacher is the final authority and source of knowledge.The problem for many teachers is transition of teaching in manner than accommodate the use of technology. Mining how they have previously been teaching with the use of technology which gives birth to e-learnin g. In e-learning, Technology is simply a mean that teachers may use in different ways in the new environment thanRead MoreTeaching And Learning Of A Second Language1267 Words   |  6 Pages For many years, the teaching and learning of a second language has been the norm in schools throughout Europe and the United States. Teachers approached language instruction in a variety of ways like the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method, where students are taught fluency through conversation, or the Lexical Approach in which learners are able to understand and speak in large quantities of specific vocabulary and idioms (Richards and Rodgers 83-229). However, as the world progressed technologicallyRead MoreImpact Of Globalisation On Higher Education1388 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalisation is the evolution of society which affect human life, education is one of those, especially in postgraduate degrees which receive the most influence from globalisation. The development in technologi es and communication have produced a shift in learning system which affect cultures and national economic growth. Higher education systems has been transformed by globalisation, which is â€Å"the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness† (Held et al., 1999, p.14). WhenRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Literacy1113 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough digital technology. The use of technology plays an important role within the process of teaching and learning; it can be used to teach reading and writing skills by using digital devices such as laptops, iPads, Chromebooks, or desktops. However, within the context of the use of technology in the area of education, and specifically in the area of language, digital literacy would also encompass its application both in development of language skills and learning of languages (reading, writingRead MorePersonal Statement On Teaching Esl790 Words   |  4 Pageswant to know to what extent people kno w about my topic which is teaching ESL in general and using technology in ESL teaching particularly. I met someone and could not decide if I was fortunate meeting that person or not because he has been a foreign language learner many times and has enough knowledge about my topic. The goal of my interview was having a feedback about what people, from different backgrounds, know about ESL teaching and this is the reason behind why I wanted someone who is unknowledgeableRead MoreA Brief Note On Audiovisual Education And The World Of Sense Objects893 Words   |  4 PagesINRODUCTION: Audiovisual education has developed rapidly since the 1920’s by drawing on new technologies of communication. John Amos Comenius (1592–1670), a Bohemian educator, was one of the first to propose a systematic method of audiovisual education. (Encyclopedia Britannica) John Amos Comenius prepared a book known as orbit sensulium pictus (the world of sense objects)which contained about 150 pictures on aspects of everyday life. The book is considered to be the first illustrated textbook forRead MoreTechnology Literacy Is An Growing Concern For Adults Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Education in the 21st Century is based on the acquisition of information or skills, and according to (Blank) one of the main concerns for the adult student is that they want their education to be applicable to their everyday life; which includes their job. According to projections by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, by the year 2016 more than 70% of all jobs in the U.S. will require some amount of technology skill (Ball 2011). Consequently, technology literacy is an growing concern forRead MoreIct And The World Of Sense Objects891 Words   |  4 PagesAudiovisual education has developed rapidly since the 1920’s by drawing on new technologies of communication. John Amos Comenius (1592–1670), a Bohemian educator, was one of the first to propose a systematic method of audiovisual education. (Audiovisual education, n.d.). Comenius, J. A. prepared a book known as orbit sensulium pictus (the world of sense objects) which contained about 150 pictures on aspects of everyday life. The book is considered to be the first illustrated textbook for children

Principles of English Law of Obligations

Question: Discuss about the Principles of English Law of Obligations. Answer: Introduction: The current case study is concerned with the payroll tax on wages paid to the employees concerning the civil aviation facility at the New Castle Airport. New castle airport (NAL) sought after the decision of the chief commissioner of the state revenue to gain access of the new castle airport ltd concerning the payroll tax. New Castle Airport Ltd used to manage the facility under the delegations from the New Castle city council and the port Stephens shire council. According to the judgement, it was held that the wages paid by New Castle Airport Ltd were deemed to have been paid by the council under section 49 of the interpretation act 1947 (Burda and Weder 2015). The commissioner held that wages paid was exempted under section 58 of the Payroll tax act 2007. Outline of the section breached: The employment of workforce by New Castle Airport Ltd was considered as incidental to the performance concerning its delegated functions. It is noteworthy to denote that the employment of workforce and payment of their wages is considered as the means by which the delegated factions were exercised. As stated under section 49 (6) of the interpretation act that a delegate while exercising the delegated functions may exercise any other functions which is incidental to the delegated functions. In the current case section 49 (4) is applicable (Sugin 2014.). As stated under section 49 (4) that a delegate exercises a delegated functions when the function is incidental within the function of the interpretation act. The chief commissioner laid down its argument by stating that section 49 (6) is applicable only in the execution of delegated functions and it is not related with the exercise of incidental functions. The commissioner stated that the delegated functions must be included in the exercise of functions, which is incidental thereto. The chief commissioner further argued that while employing staff New Castle Airport Ltd acted personally. Hence, the agreement of employment was made personally amid the each employee and the New Castle Airport Ltd. NAL took out its own name in the policy of the workers compensation insurance. It was considered as consistent with its acting as the council delegate. As stated under Federal commissioner of taxation v comber 1958 the chief commissioner gave in that such an estimated provision is to be interpreted sternly and just for the purpose for which resort is to be had. As stated by the chief commissioner that section 49 (6) existed with the objective of determining whether the delegator exercised the statutory functions. According to information, obtained Section 49 (6) needs to be given literal interpretation. New Castle Airport Ltd employed workers with the objective of performing its delegated functions (Antn 2014). The must be understood as an incidental functions however New Castle Airport Ltd performed such functions in order to exercise its delegated functions. It is noteworthy to denote that the New Castle Airport Ltd activities of recruiting workforce and paying them are considered to have been done by the councils. Except for anything stated in the payroll tax act or in the instrument of delegation reflecting a contradictory inten tion, the effect of section 49 (6) is deemed that the council have paid the wages by New Castle Airport Ltd. New Castle Airport Ltd hardly indicates any kind of incongruity amid the purpose of the exemption stated under section 58 along with the application of exemption to New Castle Airport Ltd through section 49 (6) of the interpretation act. It is noteworthy to denote that if the airport operated at loss the council may be required to indemnify the New Castle Airport Ltd in regard to the expenses it incurred. By assuming that section 49 (6) is not given a literal interpretation or if NAL were not applying the delegated factions. Thus, it would not be entitled to indemnity from the council concerning the expenses that were incurred appropriately (Miller and Oats 2016). There is no reason to believe that exemption was undoubtedly available to the council had they performed the functions in the form of joint venture by making use of their own staff without the interposition of New Castle Airport Ltd. This is because New Castle Airport Ltd is not entitled for any kind of exemption benefit. Background of the case: New Castle Airport Ltd was incorporated during the year 1993 on May 25 in the form of limited company by guarantee. It consisted of the two members namely Newcastle City Council and the Port Stephens Shire Council. New Castle Airport Ltd administers the civil aviation facilities at the Newcastle Airport on behalf of the Port Stephen Shire Council. During the relevant period, an instrument of delegation is issued together by New Castle Airport Ltd and Port Stephen Council and delegated the authority to create, develop, maintain and control the facility for the conduct of civil aviation (Woellner et al. 2016). The facilities consisted of supporting the activities, service and the facility, which was within the meaning of the section 24 of the act concerning the civil area of Williamstown airport. During the applicable stage of period New Castle Airport Ltd entered into an agreement concerning employment with numerous persons and paid wages to those persons (Barkoczy 2016). New Castle Airport Ltd asserted that in accordance with the section 49 (6) of the interpretation act the sum of wages paid by it to its employees constituted in the form of delegate of the council. Thus, it must be taken into the considered that the councils have paid the wages remunerated. The chief commissioner asserted that the employment of the employees was the wages paid by the New Castle Airport Ltd was not considered as an act of the council. The delegators within the purpose of the section 49 (6) of the interpretation act asserted that there was no express delegation of the councils function of employment. In addition to this, the chief commissioner asserted that the activities of the employees are directed towards the operation of the airport (Saad 2014). The commissioner further laid down that the function of the airport does not constituted delegated functions under the instruments of delegation and thus does not falls under section 49 (6) of the interpretation act. Analysis of the decision The Honorary Judge has found that the function of the council for employment is not delegated expressly. The two functions that were delegated by council include provisions of service and facilities and the function of carrying out activities in the airport. The court held that the employment of an individual is a means of performing the function (Painter and Holmes 2015). The employment is incidental to the performance of the function and hence it falls under the section 49(4) of the Interpretation Act. It was found by the court that a delegate exercises a delegated function if the delegate exercises a function that is incidental to the delegated function. The judgment also discussed whether Operation was included in the delegated function. In this case, court held that the function conducted by NAL through its employees for operating the airport falls within the terms of delegation (Honeyball 2014). However it should be noted that though it is not separately mentioned but operating the airport should be included as part of the delegated function. It should be included because the meanings of the terms develop and maintain the facilities and service of the airport is broad enough to include the act of operating the airport. Therefore, it was held by the court that employment of worker is an incidental function and it is the part of the delegated function of the NAL. Therefore, it was held that the employment done in NAL is considered to be done on behalf of the council as per section 49(6) of the Interpretation Act (Burrows 2015). Therefore, the wages that have been paid by the NAL is considered to be paid by the council therefore, it is exempted under section 58 of PTA. The court therefore revoked the assessment of the chief commissioner and ordered that the commissioner should pay the tax (Cabrelli 2016). There was alternative argument that was made by the NAL. NAL argued that wages should be exempted because the money that was used by the NAL to pay wages was held by the trust. However it was difficult to understand how the property was held through trust by the NAL when the all functions were delegated to the council. Including the receipts that was received from the property was taken to be received by the council (Witting 2015). It was argued by the NAL that the council held property on trust and the wages were paid from the property. Therefore it can be said that wages is paid by the council within the meaning of section 58 of the Payroll Act. This argument was based on the judgment of Glebe Administration Board V Commissioner of Payroll Tax (1987). The argument made by the NAL was not accepted by the court because the main logic behind the argument is that money paid was of the council. If the meaning of section 49(6) is not that have been stated by the court then moneys held on trust by the NAL is considered to be used for paying the wages. The assumption of the NAL was not correct that the councils owned the moneys beneficially (Weatherspoon 2014). The liabilities for payment of wages have been incurred for administering the trust. The liability incurred by the trust can be paid from the property of the trust. The trust had the preferred beneficial interest on the money that was used for paying the wages (Kramer 2014). The legal ownership of the money belonged to the trust so it was used to pay the wages. The council had the legal right to be the beneficiary of the property of the trust. However, this right was deferred by the liabilities that have been incurred by the NAL during its operation as held in the case of Kemtron I ndustries Pty Limited V Commissioner of Stamp duties (1984). The NAL argued that the right to pay out of the property of trust is given to property that have not been lien or charged because it affects the beneficial right to the property of the trust by the owners. The right of the trustee as in the nature of the lien is a valid argument in case there is a change in the trustee. However, this argument is not appropriate in case of liability towards creditors. In the case of Lemery Holdings Pty ltd V Reliance Financial, service Pty Ltd the rights to indemnity of the trustees are described as an interest in the assets of the trust. It was held that a holder of the property could not bring an action of possession that is subject to lien. The trustee has the right of the indemnity for the debt that was incurred properly. The beneficiaries cannot force the trustee to exercise their right for their own benefit. The trustee that has the possession of the trust property has the recourse to trust property for satisfying the right of indemnity (Hughes et al. 2015). The trustee is exercising its power as a legal owner and the beneficiary does not have the equity to restrain the right of the indemnity. If the trustee is exercising the right of indemnity then it is realizing the property. The beneficial interest on the trust property of the beneficiary is deferred by the trustees beneficial interest. Based on the reason that is given earlier wages should be taken as been by the council. Conclusion Based on the above discussion it can be concluded that the decision of the chief commissioner to issue the notice of assessment to NAL should be cancelled. It is also held that the NAL is entitled to receive the interest on the tax paid. Therefore, it can be said that decision given by the court that the commissioner should pay the cost due to the NAL is correct. References: Antn, A., 2014. The effect of payroll taxes on employment and wages under high labor informality.IZA Journal of Labor Development,3(1), p.20. Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Burda, M.C. and Weder, M., 2015. Payroll Taxes, Social Insurance, And Business Cycles.Journal of the European Economic Association. Burrows, A., 2015.Principles of the English Law of Obligations. Oxford University Press, USA. Cabrelli, D., 2016.Employment Law in Context. Oxford University Press. Honeyball, S., 2014.Honeyball and Bowers' Textbook on Employment Law. Oxford University Press, USA. Hughes, W., Champion, R. and Murdoch, J., 2015.Construction contracts: law and management. Routledge. Kramer, A., 2014.The law of contract damages. Bloomsbury Publishing. Miller, A. and Oats, L., 2016.Principles of international taxation. Bloomsbury Publishing. Painter, R. and Holmes, A., 2015.Cases and materials on employment law. Oxford University Press, USA. Pechman, J.A., 2001.Federal tax policy(Vol. 23). Brookings Institution Press. Saad, N., 2014. Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance: Taxpayers view.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, pp.1069-1075. Sugin, L., 2014. Payroll Taxes, Mythology, and Fairness.Harv. J. on Legis.,51, p.113. Weatherspoon, F., 2014. Incorporating Mandatory Arbitration Employment Clauses into Collective Bargaining Agreements: Challenges and Benefits to the Employer and the Union. Witting, C., 2015.Street on Torts. Oxford University Press, USA. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. Australian Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue.

Teacher observations Essay Example For Students

Teacher observations Essay 1. The students that I observed in the classroom were ofmiddle to high school. I went to see 8th, freshman, 10th ,and seniors classes, they seemed excited and very curiousto why I was there. The middle school was more alive andrambunctious while I observed them. The High school kidswere more laxed, more comical. Some were intuned whileothers seemed tuned out to the lecture or involved insocialization with friends within the class. By the end ofthe class Mr. Cecil had restored the attention of everyoneby using tactics such as history jeopardy with candy as theprize with the high school kids. In both he middle schooland high school the kids were mostly Caucasian with amixture of black, Asian , and Hispanic in the classes. We will write a custom essay on Teacher observations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 2.I thought that the teachers did a nice job with theirclassroom set up. I felt like I could have kept myself busyall day just by looking at the walls and seeing the picturesof presidents and famous historic quotes by famous people ofour nations past. One thing I really enjoyed was the timethe teachers allotted me at the end of each class toreflect to the class. Not only throughout my past middleschool, and high school experiences but also, and mostimportantly, my current college experiences, the templationsthat I have had to endure have definately been rewarding. 3. I spent most of my time in Brian Cecil’s 8th and freshmanlevel American History classes. I felt he conducted hisclasses better then any other teacher I observed. He had thefull attention and respect of the student in his class whenin the middle school especially after lunch in the afternoonthe students are all riled up and raring to go. In the highschool, I got to be reminded what it was like, how difficultit coul d be as a high school student juggling school alongwith a social life that at that age means everything to thestudent who is at a ripe age of impressions that will moldthem for the rest of their adult life. It was quite a changefrom the middle school level, the students were more intuned in the Mr. Chapotons senior government class. In Mrs. Browns Senior honors English classes I watched intently asthey grappled with Shakespeare, Frankenstein, and themeaning of chivalry. I interviewed Mr. Cecil, he told methat teachers are life long learners. He told me that everyday he teaches , he learns something new , in whether thelesson being taught or within the students themselves. BrianCecil is currently working on his masters degree with hopesof going to law school on the side at Wayne State Universityon the side in the future. He also has desires ofadministration. He also coaches freshman baseball at a localneighboring high school. His love for working with studentsgoes far beyond the classroom. He is also involved withvarious clubs and hold the head of the social studiesBibliography:

Research Paper on Technology

Research Paper on Technology Over the past decade, new technologies have come about having astronomically powerful impact on the economy. The leaps and bounds that the technology industry has taken weren’t always for the better. The downsides to all of these victories in man vs. machine have come with their problems and a price. These downfalls are far from over and we can expect a global conflict at the hands of technology in the near future. Technology has been used as a theft device in many respects, from jobs to copyrighted property. With unrestricted sources such as the internet, the ways to slow down this moral massacre are few and far between. Many companies fear technology more than they embrace it. Taking the giant leap into the twenty-first century has frightened some veteran companies to enough to keep them from attempting anything as simple as a corporate website. In 1999, there were over 4,000 lawsuits against technologies. All of these claims were staked on the theory that these new technologies were a threat to the companies’ clients and profits (Economic Evaluation). Such technologies included handheld devices for stock market observation or software that stored passwords to important restricted files. Devices such as these were originally designed to simplify the process of purchasing and trading stocks. Like-wise, such programs were developed to quicken access to files that may be time-crucial in monetary factors (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). Morality can also be weighed in as a large factor in the decision to integrate newer technologies into your personal corporate empire. Many business owners in their middle ages feel it down-right immoral to recruit machines as field workers (Atlas of U.S. Economy). A product still in beta-stage is one of a new breed of concepts. It is considered part of a new line of ‘smart technologies.’ This particular device has its user fill out a list of preferences and once completed, it acts as its user’s stock broker. It does all the bidding necessary according to its owner’s financial position and risk-taking preferences. However, this device may remain unreleased longer than originally anticipated due to strong protests by professional stock brokers and financial conservatives alike (Hugh Watson). White-collar jobs aren’t the only district of profession that have been and will continue to be greatly affected by new technologies. The music industry has grown by leaps and bounds, especially in the last two years, with the advancement of a technology known as pro-tools. Pro-tools allow you to digitally record, edit, and duplicate your own music into a professional sounding project. Digital cut and paste techniques have simplified the recording process by enabling audio enhancements that older recording engineers would salivate over (Kelin J. Kuhn). The use of pro tools can turn any aspiring garage musician into the next record chart topper by opening the doors to any within a middle-class budget. However, many feel that this is perhaps a door that should have remained closed to these new arrivals. These technologies make much of the talent once needed to create these aural masterpieces obsolete (Impact Fall). Even communication has been revolutionized time and time again by today’s advancements. The ever-growing fad of cell phones manages to multiply itself at an incredible rate year after year. With their introduction to society in the 1980’s, cell phones were rarely used. They were bulky and considerably expensive to maintain. Twenty years later, that same concept built off the idea of mobile communication can not only be found in the hands of corporate executives, but the children of part-time dishwashers. The resources needed to obtain and activate a cell phone have drastically decreased and continue to do so as the technology becomes more and more available (James M. ONeill). Headset devices and microphones simplify the already childishly easy protocol of talking on the cell phone by freeing up the speaker’s hands. Around the bend for this phenomenon is a headset and microphone much like the ones available now, difference being the lack of central device. The act ual phone part of this pocket communication network will but cut out all together. The receiver for the orbiting satellites will be in the earpiece of the device and dialing will be voice activated. The only thing keeping this advancement from release is a potential health risk that is still being investigated by health boards from possible radiation leaking from the receiver which would be located right next to the aural cavity (Kelin J. Kuhn). Perhaps in the most literal interpretation of theft, piracy is a fast-growing phenomenon among adults and children alike. A face the music industry would like to (but never will) soon forget is that of a man named Shawn Fanning. Shawn Fanning created a program named Napster named after a nickname given to him by his friends. Napster made it possible for users to ‘share’ music files on their computer with other people simply by putting it in a folder that could be browsed by another computer outside the LAN. This angered many artists including a man named Lars Ulrich. Ulrich best known as the drummer for Metallica, sued Fanning and several frequent Napster users for illegally downloading Metallica MP3 files. This spelled the end for Napster. This pioneer gnutella program would eventually release a subscription version of its originally free program. However this release went ignored by a public now hooked on the file sharing frenzy (The Arizona Office of Public Affairs). The main gravitation of people flowed to another program known as Morpheus for their file sharing needs. Two key differences between Morpheus and Napster were that Morpheus didn’t just offer music, but additionally offered videos, documents, and software to any of its non-paying members. Also, it delivered the ability to download these media files from multiple users simultaneously, thus increasing download speeds drastically. Morpheus was the merged product of two sponsor-supported companies known as Music City and Kazaa. In the midst 2001 and all of Morpheus’ success, Music City made the overall fatal decision to follow suit with Napster and become a pay service. After this, Kazaa divided from the Morpheus merge to form its own program. Since many users agreed with Kazaa’s decision, the file sharing was not slowed at all. Kazaa’s rise in popularity couldn’t have come at a better time for the frequent internet user, this being because the rise of broadband internet subscribers was flourishing. Broadband internet (which is now used by 65% of CT residents and 47% of the total U.S. residents) increases internet interaction speed by exponential amounts. The simple act of downloading the newest Hollywood hit which would have taken days on dial-up internet can now be completed in a time window as small as an hour or two (Bob Jacobson). The world leader in computer technologies, going by the name of Microsoft Inc. was subjected to an attack of piracy upon the release of their recent popular operating system Windows XP. The ‘Professional’ version of this software was pirated so massively that its product code had to be disabled from windows updates on the Microsoft site. Furthermore, one month before the scheduled legal release of this OS, it was already installed and running on 30,000 computers nationwide. This is a perfect example of one of the biggest known piracy problems. The ability to obtain and/or exploit a technology before it’s even supposed to be available to the general public. There’s a trial scheduled to commence on the piracy issue as a whole in early 2004 (Hugh Watson). These issues cannot be solved with one simple solution. They come with many consequences attached no matter what is decided. Advancement is inevitable and can be very beneficial to any business. However, many developers of newer technologies see it fit to design their product for stealing or destroying. Regulation is most likely one of the best possible solutions to this problem. Many businesses could flourish if only they’d give into the obstacle of technology and accept it. Perhaps they wouldn’t be so apprehensive to do so if so many people weren’t developing their ideas only to hurt others morally and financially.

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting With the Letter P

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting With the Letter P Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter P used in chemistry and chemical engineering. P - PetaP - Phosphorusp - picoP - PressureP - ProtonPA - Phosphatidic AcidPa - PascalPa - ProtactiniumPA - Proton affinityPA # - PolyAmide polymer numberPAA - PolyAcrylic AcidPABA - ParaAminoBenzoic AcidPAC - Pharmaceutically Active CompoundPAC - Polycyclic Aromatic ContentPAC - Powdered Activated CarbonPAEK - PolyaryletherketonePAGE - PolyAcrylamide Gel ElectrophoresisPAH - Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonPAI - PolyAmide ImidePAO - PolyAlphaOlefinPASA - PolyAmide, Semi-AromaticPb - LeadPB - PolyButylenePBB - PolyBrominated BiphenylPBD - PolyButaDienePBI - PolyBenzImidazolePBN - PolyButylene NaphthalatePBS - Phosphate Buffered SalinePBT - PolyButylene TerephthalatePC - PolyCarbonatePC - Pyruvate CarboxylasePCA - Pyrrolidone Carboxylic AcidPCC - Pyridine Chloro ChromatePCE - TetrachloroethylenePCR - Polymerase chain reactionPCV - Pressure control valvePd - PalladiumPD - Positive displacementPD - Potential differencePE - PhycoErythrinPE - PolyethylenePE - Potential energyPEA - PolyEster Amine PEEK - PolyEtherEtherKetonePEG - PolyEthylene GlycolPEK - Poly Ether KetonePEL - Permissible exposure limitPERC - TetrachloroethylenePES - PolyEtherSulfonePET - Polyethylene TerephthalatePETP - Polyethylene terephthalatePEX - Cross-linked PolyEthylenePFC - Perfluorocarbonpg - picogramPG - Propylene GlycolPG - ProstaglandinPGA - 3-PhosphoGlyceric AcidPGA - PolyGlutamic AcidPGE - Platinum group elementsPGM - Platinum group metalspH - measurement of H ions in aqueous solutionPH - Phenol functional groupPHA - PolyHydroxyAlkanoatePHB - PolyHydroxyButyratePHC - Petroleum HydroCarbonPHMB - PolyHexaMethyleneBiguanidePHT - PHThalatePI - Phosphate IonPI - PolyImidePIB - PolyIsoButylenepK - Measurement of the dissociation constantPLA - Polymerized Lactic AcidPLC - PhosphoLipase-CPM3 - Parameterized Model number 3PM10 - Particulates smaller than 10 ÃŽ ¼m.PM - Particulate MatterPM - Photo Multiplierpm - picometerPM - Plasma MembranePM - Powder MetallurgyPm - PromethiumPMA - PhosphoMolybdic AcidPM A - PolyMethyl Acrylate PMID - PubMed IDentifierPMMA - PolyMethylMethAcrylatePMO - PolyMethylene OxidePNPA - PolyNucleotide Phosphorylase APNPB - PolyNucleotide Phosphorylase BPo - PoloniumPOC - Polar organic contaminantpOH - Measurement of OH- ions in aqueous solutionPOL - Petroleum, oils, and lubricantsPOP - Persistent organic pollutantPORC - PorcelainPPA -PhenylPropanolAminePPA - PolyPhthalAmidePPB - Parts per billionPPM - Parts per millionPPO - PolyPhenylene OxidePPS - PolyPhenylene SulfidePPT - Parts per trillionPPT - PolyPyrimidine TractPPT - PrecipitatePr - PraseodymiumPRV - Pressure relief valvePSI - Pounds per square inchPSV - Pressure safety valvePt - PlatinumPTFE - PolyTetraFluoroEthylenePu - PlutoniumPU - PolyUrethanePV - Parity ViolationPV - Pressure VolumePVC - PolyVinyl ChloridePVT - Pressure, volume, temperaturePXY - Para-XYlene

Healtcare Reform Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healtcare Reform - Coursework Example Additionally, insurance policies were not flexible, and one could be denied adequate healthcare at any one time. Hence millions of people were not at the verge of affording such expensive insurance contribution. Currently, health care has adopted various reforms. More generic drugs production has lead to an increase in competition, spurring up a decrease in the drugs cost. Medicare has escalated the drugs cost for the seniors. A monitoring and evaluation body (PCORI) has been established to advice on the care improvement. In response to the rising cases of obesity and lifestyle related diseases, all restaurants have been forced to attach a label on their products so that the consumers can make informed choices (Odier, 2010). Insurance firms were previously notorious in dropping the coverage when one is sick, but currently the law restricts them to do so. Most significantly, children below twenty six years can remain attached to the parents’ insurance scheme. Other improvements include introduction of a state consumer assistance program to aid in citizens complains response, inauguration of fraud fighting tools, free preventive care, physician increase, especially in rural areas and 80/20 rule

Arguments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arguments - Assignment Example Conclusion: Casey Anthony murdered her daughter. My argument is everyone deserves a fair trial. It would be better for murderers to go free than one innocent person is sentenced to death row or jail. My friend’s argument is murderers must be punished even if some innocent people are sent to jail or death row. I am just concerned if one person’s rights are violated, my rights could be violated. My friend takes the view it would never happen to her. We both walked away agreeing to disagree. 2. The Scope and Limits of Logic Logic can help individuals understand our arguments. By studying logic, individuals can understand how to look at both sides of an argument to make a decision. When an individual only looks at one side of the argument logic cannot take place. It is based on personal feelings and experiences instead of looking at different sides of the argument. No matter how obstinate or one sided a person can be, they still use logic in some circumstances. Everyday ind ividuals debate within themselves on actions. Whether it is to take the Interstate or a side road to work or school, people have to make decisions everyday. So everyone uses logic. By studying logic, an individual can understand the why and how they make decisions.

Ethics Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Ethics Utilitarianism Essay a.) Explain the main differences between the utilitarianism of Bentham and that of Mill. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that looks at the concept of `utility`, or the usefulness of actions. Two of the most famous Utilitarians were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill; Bentham was the first to introduce the theory, and his views were more similar to that of Act Utilitarianism. Mill on the other hand differed in his views, and his intention was to improve the theory, and his ideas were closer to that of Rule Utilitarianism; and Mill was also the one to coin the name of the theory. Although it is the same theory, the two philosophers had two different concepts of the best approach to Utilitarianism. One of the main differences between the two philosophers view of utility is their idea of the intrinsic good. For Bentham, the goodness of actions is measured by the amount of pleasure they produce. For him, two things were the most important, the pursuit of pleasure and the absence of pain, and so happiness is pleasure without pain. Bentham produced his `hedonic calculus` to calculate the amount of pleasure produced by actions, which includes categories such as measuring the intensity, duration, and purity of pleasure to work out the best actions to take. This is because Bentham was a hedonist; he thought the best way to live life is the most pleasurable way. Although he never specifically said himself, it is thought that he would have preferred Act Utilitarianism, which looks at individual acts, and the amount of pleasure they generate, in each situation. This differs from Mill in that he thought the goodness of actions is based on the amount of happiness they produce. The practice of following a rule creates happiness, rather than looking at every separate act; it is thought that he was closer to a Rule Utilitarian, which involves following rules to create greater happiness. Furthermore, Bentham’s Utilitarianism is much more focussed on the individual. The individual judges each act by its utility, and the amount of pleasure it will produce; as it is about the quantity of pleasure, for Bentham, which decides which action should be taken. The motivation is for self-interest, which means that often justice can be ignored, as the focus is not on the wider public, which is different from Mill’s approach. Mill’s approach involves looking at the happiness of the community, so justice is addressed, and well-being has utmost importance. To make it more  universal he said that each desires their own happiness, so they should aim at it, and furthermore everyone ought to aim for the happiness for everyone else too, making sympathy the motive for doing an action. Both approaches are consequentialist, but for Mill, an ethical act is one where the consequences favour the happiness and wellbeing of all. His approach also looks at the quality of the activities as well, arguing that certain things can be rated as `higher` and `lower ` pleasures. He said that food, sex and drink are of the `lower` category, whereas poetry, opera and fine art and the like are of the `higher` pleasures, and that we should strive for pleasure of better quality, of a more high-class lifestyle, as they are of more value. Whereas Bentham uses the example of a game of `push-pin` (a children’s game) gives the same amount of pleasure as a good book, Mill argues against that saying the quality of the pleasure is what is importance. Essentially, what makes an act ethical for Bentham is the amount of pleasure that is produced for the individual, and duration and intensity etc. For J.S. Mill, an act is ethical if it follows more set rules, how much happiness is produced on a larger scale, and the quality of the pleasure, rather than the quantity. b.) `Mill’s Utilitarianism is superior in every way to the Utilitarianism of Bentham`. Discuss. Both Mill and Bentham wished to produce an ethical theory that created the most happiness, which is what they believed to be the basis for justice, and the best way of living. However, since they saw the way to achieve this happiness in different light, they had different approaches to the theory, meaning that one approach will be considered superior to the other. In my opinion, it is true that Mill’s approach is superior to Bentham’s, although not in every way. Firstly, it must be considered that it is not certain which `type` of Utilitarianism each philosopher preferred. Generally it is thought that Bentham took the Act approach, and Mill the Rule approach, however neither put themselves in any of the categories, so it is therefore debatable. It is evident that both do not stick completely to the respective approaches; as an example, Mill was known to write, â€Å"Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness†, which implies a prefe rence to Act Utilitarianism, although others still think that he may even have been a virtue ethicist. For the sake of this writing though, I will categorise each philosopher to their assumed approach. John Stuart Mill was very familiar  with Jeremy Bentham in person, as he was Bentham’s godson, and it is evident how this relationship affected his view on ethics. Mill attempted to improve Bentham’s theory, this concept of utility, which Mill coined `Utilitarianism`. However, his whole idea of the `greatest good for the greatest number` was accentuated by Mill when he made it more focussed on the community. As he thought more that happiness should be the standard of utility, not the self-centred pleasure. This improves the theory, as otherwise everybody will be focussing on themselves, and in many situations the pleasure of one person may exclude the happiness of many. I think it is also more appropriate inside the theory; as, if one looks out for the community, it seems more likely that the greatest good for the greatest number will be reached. Likewise, Mill’s idea of happiness being about the quality, not the quantity of pleasure, is to an extent better. The higher pleasures taking preference over the lower kinds of pleasures seem to fit with the quality of life, education and so forth. However, there is a danger that this idea quickly becomes snobbish, and puts the higher classes above those who would prefer rap music over opera. I suppose that this could make Mill’s approach `superior`, but in the way that is arrogant and conceited, rather than the definition of superior meaning improved. This shows how the theory is counter-intuitive in some areas; in how the community has importance, and not just the individual; and yet Mill still argues that the quality of pleasure takes precedence over the quantity, which seems to contradict the idea of community, and involve multiple classes. Another negative side of Mill’s theory is that he makes a jump with his universalisability ideas. He makes an inductive leap in saying that just because one person desires their own happiness they will naturally aim for the happiness of everyone else. John Rawls was known for criticising Mill and how it is not ethical to assume that one person would do something for a group, and how people can be used a means to an end because of that. Theoretically it is a suitable idea, that everyone would look out for the happiness for everyone else, but in practice it is not logical, he is separating morality and motive. An alternative approach to Utilitarianism would be that of Henry Sidgwick. In his book `The method of Ethics` he explained how he was concerned with justice in society. Although he was an Act Utilitarian like Bentham, his approach was similar to Mill’s, in that  the consequences take into account the welfare of the people. This is an improvement again on Bentham’s ethics as justice and welfare have importance over the selfish desires of individuals, which supports Mill and his superiority over Bentham’s Utilitarianism. In conclusion, Mill’s Utilitarianism is superior to that of Bentham’s, in that it looks at the welfare of the people more, and even though it is snobbish in some areas where Bentham’s approach is better, overall Mill’s approach is more improved as it looks as the happiness of others.

The Freedom of Choices :: Essays Papers

The Freedom of Choices â€Å"James Joyce was born in Dublin on February 2, 1882† (Joyce i). In 1914, Dubliners, a work that illustrated the lives of the people of Dublin, from Joyce’s viewpoint, hit the shelves (Joyce i). The book consists of fifteen short stories all about the people of Dublin. There are many different themes thought these short stories but one that is very important to the book is the theme of escape. The book also lends itself to a philosophical point of view taking on many other themes: such as the theme of autonomy and responsibility. Three stories that these themes can be seen in are â€Å"An Encounter,† â€Å"Counterparts,† and â€Å"The Dead.† In these stories Joyce depicts many of the characters as people attempting to escape their responsibilities through the choices they make in their own lives. One responsibility that is neglected throughout these stories is the responsibility characters have to each other. In the story â€Å"An Encounter,† although only two boys escape their responsibilities at school, there was a third that was supposed to tag along (14). The other two boys, the narrator and Mahony, made the decision to leave Leo behind and venture off on their quest to the Pigeon House. Joyce offers a choice to these boys in attempts to show the audience that they will choose to ignore their responsibility to Leo. The two friends use their freedom making the choice that they are going to leave the bridge without their third companion, Leo. Another example of characters disregarding their responsibility to one another occurs when the two boys meet the old man in the field. Instead of staying with his friend Mahony leaves the narrator by himself ignoring his responsibility to be a good friend and stick together. These choices exemplify the way tha t characters in these stories ignore their responsibilities to other people. A second example of a character ignoring her responsibilities to another character occurs within the story â€Å"The Dead.† At the end of the story â€Å"The Dead,† the reader feels sympathetic with Gabriel, the main character, because he finds out his wife loved another man.

How does technology effects us? Essay

Look back at our day so far, how many people have we seen ignoring the world around them, not paying attention to the cashier or not absorbing the information in class? In Alina Tugend essay, multitasking can make you lose†¦Um†¦ focus, she reported that multitasking may seem like it saves people time however, it makes people less efficient. It may be true that technology provides us with time-saving devices like push to cars, cell-phones that consist of 4G internet access, and washing machines with built in dyers; however most of us still complain about not having enough time. Like everything else in the world, technology has its pros and cons; it affects peoples’ concentration, writing skills, and what we consider reality; but how exactly is technology affecting the way we think, read, write and live? The development of technology has greatly improved my life but diminished it at the same time. It brought me closer to my family in Trinidad after my father passed, th ree years ago. Logging onto Facebook and Instagram, receiving phone calls, text messages, video chatting kept me fasten into their world 24/7. Although we built such a strong relationship within those years, I was totally disconnecting from what was going on around me and my immediate family. I came to this realization when my little sister’s fifth birthday nearly past without me noticing. The array of technology can be a distraction; in my case, I disengaged myself from the most significant part of my life. Technology can be a distraction during office meetings, daily human interaction, study time and even our concentration; since, we are constantly being interrupted by a phone call, text message or a game notification. Tugend, who wrote, Multitasking Can Make You Lose†¦Um†¦Focus, explained that multitasking actually delays our process rather than accelerating it. We often believe that doing multiple assignments would be effortless but it causes an abundance of stress. Research has proven that the human mind can only focus â€Å"on one or two items at a time† (716). I believe multitasking all depends on the two tasks that is being combined, for example: listening to music while doing math homework seems to me as a good mixture because the music is helping the worker better cope with the math problems. On the other hand, driving while text messaging  can be a distraction because, they activities require full focus and concentration. Focus is very important when it comes to multitasking but also significant when using the internet to search long pieces of writing. In Nicholas Carr’s essay, Is Google Making Us Stupid, he states, â€Å"research that once required days in the stacks or periodical room of libraries can now be done in minutes† (732). The use of technology is very beneficial and time efficient, however does the pros overcome the cons? Carr also discusses the fight against technology to stay focus; since now a day, â€Å"†¦three or four paragraphs is too much to absorb† (733). I reckoned that we must realize that reading doesn’t come natural like speech does. We must keep training ourselves to read no matter if it’s in a paperback book or an online blogging site without distractions. Many teachers and parents believe most teenagers are distracted by text messaging (texting). A variety of teachers dispraise texting because most students use text slag and abbreviation in professional writings, and students do not become conscious of the fact. Also there are parent who think texting negatively imp act their children communication skills. On the other hand, Michaela Cullington, the writing of Does Texting Affect Writing, would most likely disagree. Cullington believes that texting motivate student to write and also it is â€Å"practice in specific writing skills, and an opportunity to gain confidence in their writing† (89-90). After her research she was convince that texting is not interfering in students’ writing skills. I caught myself plenty of times using text slag when writing a paper to turn into class. Fortunately, I have taught myself to text in complete sentence and use correct abbreviation so it wouldn’t interfere with my writing skills. If text messaging doesn’t interfere than maybe games can. Sam Anderson would consider games like Angry Birds or Fruit Ninja as â€Å"Hyperaddictive stupid games,† because it’s a simple thing that becomes addictive and eventually form into a distraction. In Anderson essay, Just One More Game†¦: Angry Birds, Farmville, and Other Hyperaddictive Stupid Games, he illustrates that stupid games were designed to pop up in other occasions. For exa mple, you are doing calculus homework and you receive a text message and suddenly it’s an hour later and you are launching another bird. People are so attached to their phones because game-studies scholars specially design games to be so addictive. Especially now that people can a play game anywhere at the palms of their hands. Using the same addicting  technology can probably â€Å"help solve real world problems like obesity, education and government abuse† (67). Living in a generation where technology affect everything around us including our communication, multitasking, concentration, writing skills, and our view of reality. I believe that technology was made to make our lives easier sadly, it can bring upon more difficulties in our life. Technology will always be prevailing and it is our responsibility to work with it. The majority of people today have become so dependent on technology that they aren’t be able to function a full day without it. I believe it is up to the people of America to decide whether we have taken advantage of technology, or has technology taken advantage of us, without us bei ng aware of it. Works Cited Anderson, Sam. â€Å"Just One More Game†¦: Angry Birds, Farmville, and Other Hyperaddictive Stupid Games.† The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2013. 64-69 Print. Carr, Nicholas. â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid† The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2013.731-744. Print. Cullington, Michaela. â€Å"Does texting affect writing† The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2013.87-95. Print. Tugend, Alina. â€Å" Multitasking can make us lose†¦Um†¦Focus.† The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2013.714-718. Print.

Hunting isnt murder Essay

Is hunting murder? This is something that people should think about. Many people walk around and believe that hunting is truly murder and think that they are completely right about this. However, I believe strongly that hunting is not murder and I will explain and prove why it is not murder. Murder is defined as: 1. The unlawful killing of one human by another, especially with premeditated malice. (murder,1) 2. To kill brutally or inhumanly. (murder,1) Now looking at these words in these definitions I can prove that hunting can not fall under the category of murder. Unlawful is defined as something that is illegal. (unlawful, 1) Therefore, I can make my first point on how hunting is not illegal. Yes there are times when it can be illegal if people are hunting the wrong time of year or don’t have their license. However, that is not what we are concerned about, when it comes down to it the majority of people who hunt do it legally and if they don’t then they are fined and even in some cases jailed. Next, human is defined as having or showing those positive aspects of nature and character regarded as distinguishing humans from other animals. (human, 1) No animals are not human, and yes they are living things, but they are not homo sapiens. I don’t care what people say there is no way you can prove that a deer, goose, duck, or turkey is under the category of a homo sapien. With knowing this I can also state that hunting can therefore not be considered murder by definition. Next in the definition of murder it states that murder is the killing of a human with premeditated malice. Malice is defined as a desire to harm others or to see others suffer; extreme ill will or spite. (Malice, 1) Yes, many people like myself hunt as a sport. However, many people don’t realize that we don’t do this because we like to kill and watch animals suffer, but  in fact we do this because we love nature and animals and we do not want to see them suffer. Hunting is legal as a sport, because the government knows that there are mass populations of animals that need to be made smaller in order to keep the populations strong. The Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act, better known as the Pittman-Robertson Act, was passed by Congress in 1937. Pittman-Robertson placed a Federal excise tax on hunting equipment of many kinds, including guns and ammo (11 percent tax on sporting arms, ammunition, and archery equipment, and a 10 percent tax on handguns). (Category, 1) With the overwhelming support of hunters across the USA, this Act directed that money produced by this additional tax on our gear be used to provide funding for the selection, restoration, rehabilitation and improvement of wildlife habitat, wildlife management research, and the distribution of information produced by the projects. It was later amended (1970) to include funding for hunter training programs and the development, operation and maintenance of public target ranges. (Category, 1) Many hunters love and care about the animals they are hunting and do not do it in spite of the animals or to watch them suffer. The last keyword I want to talk about in the definition of murder is to kill brutally. Brutally is defined as extremely ruthless and cruel. I don’t know if people know much about starvation, but I have been taught about how painful of a disease it is to go through. Starved animals are generally emaciated, their fat stores are depleted, their body catabolizes the protein from their muscles, and leaves them in severe pain and anguish. I would have to say that I would much rather have a bullet but through my chest then I would want to have to go through the pain of starvation. As long as there are hunters, we will be able to have control over animal starvation and be able to keep it at a minimum. Many people question me when I tell them I am a hunter and like to go on about how cruel it is and wonder how I am able to kill an innocent animal. I explain that as a hunter I love animals and that is why I hunt. It is tough to convince someone when their mind is already made up, but I like to try. I hunt for many reasons. Some of which are for adventure, the feel of satisfaction of a job well done, the sense of being closer to nature and yes, for the kill. I explain that I hunt for the joy of the hunt. Also, that thousands of years ago hunters told their stories and honored their animals with pictographs. I don’t know if people often use pictographs anymore, but we do the same thing in a different way. Rather than painting on walls, we now mount animals on walls. Like our ancestors, we share the meat with our families and friends. I also know of people who take meat from animals they have hunted and donate it to people in need. Hunting is not something I do to just pass time. Hunting is a way of life for me, and I am just grateful that I am able to enjoy it. Take a look at my reasoning of why I believe hunting can not be considered murder, do you think hunting is murder? Works cited Brutally – Definition of Brutally by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. † Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus – The Free Dictionary. Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. . Category, By. â€Å"A Discussion of Who Hunters Are and What They Do for Wildlife, Habitat, and Folks Who Don’t Even Hunt. † Hunting and Shooting. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. . Human – Definition of Human by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. † Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus – The Free Dictionary. Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. . Malice – Definition of Malice by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. † Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus – The Free Dictionary. Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. . Murder – Definition of Murder by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. † Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus – The Free Dictionary. Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. . Unlawful – Definition of Unlawful by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. † Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus – The Free Dictionary. Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 17 Nov. 2010.

Plastic Paradise Essays - Containers, Plastics, Packaging

Plastic Paradise Essays - Containers, Plastics, Packaging Plastic Paradise Plastic is having a huge impact on our society, health, and wildlife. It has been around for numerous years, and if we do not take actions into consideration, it will be a tragic loss for us. Unless we take drastic measures to save our planet, and learn from the film "Plastic Paradise" how we can differ from this. Plastic is not uncommon. On the contrary it is normal. Tens on thousands of marine species are killed every year due to plastic waste. Most of this will begin as liter on beaches, streets, and sidewalks. One scenario is when storm water runoff and overwatering flushes them through storm drains or directly to creeks, streams, and rivers, which then lead to the ocean. In marine environments, many animals confuse plastic littering for food. Once plastic is indigested it cannot be digested or passed by an animal so it stays in the gut. This can cause food prevention, and can lead to a very slow painful death. A considerable amount of autopsy's have been performed on animals who have been deceased by plastic. An example was when a bloodless whale was found on the Normandy coast. The animals stomach contained 800 kg of plastic bags. As of a result of this plastic also puts the food chain in a crisis. One example that is effect by this is coral, which is highly beneficial to us in numero us ways. Which are an excellent calcium supplement, treating multiple sclerosis, to treat and prevent cancer, heart disease, and Zavala 2 other chronic health problems. Coral has a crucial impact on assisting doctors with the proper medical care when it relates to help prevent or treat diseases. Not only can plastic be harmful to our environment, but also to our health as well. An example is plastic having chemical migration from the packaging process into the contents. Examples of plastics contaminating food have been reported with most plastic types, including Styrene from polystyrene, plasticizers from PVC, antioxidants from polyethylene, and Acetaldehyde from PET. A few of these products are ones we use in everyday life such as water bottles, plastic bags, receipts (which contains BPA), kitchen utensils, and packaging. Majority of these products we use on a daily basis are harming us. There are several ways using less plastic will be beneficial to us. We can begin by resulting to cloth bags, recycle as much as we possibly can, and choosing products with vey minimal packaging. Lastly, the most important plastic can take up to hundreds of years to breakdown. Different kinds of plastic can degrade at different times, but the average time for a plastic bottle to completely degrade is at least 450 years. Some can even take longer which is up to 1000 years, and releases toxins into the ground. Even for the smallest bottle it seems as if it takes eternity to be biodegradable. This is also leading to clogging up our landfills, and there are even more reasons of why we should band plastic. About 1.5 million barrels of oil are used every year to make bottles, and even more oil is burned transporting them. This film is very informative on how we should take a stand against the use of plastic. We can help and save our wildlife, the environment, and our health if we reduce the use of plastic. Such as recycling, very minimal packaging, and the use of cloth bags, reusable Zavala 3 water bottles, etc. By taking these steps we can make a dramatic change to better our future. Plastic Paradise: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Dir. Angela Sun. Sunshine Films, 2013. Film.

How to Quote a Poem in APA Referencing

How to Quote a Poem in APA Referencing How to Quote a Poem in APA Referencing Many style guides have special rules for quoting poetry in an essay. In this post, for example, we will look at how to quote a poem using APA referencing. This will cover both: How to present quoted verse on the page How to format in-text citations for a poem in APA referencing If you are writing about poetry, then, make sure to follow the rules below. How to Quote a Poem The basic rules for quoting a line of poetry are the same as for quoting any other source. As such, to quote a poem, you should: Place the quoted text within quotation marks. Cite the author’s surname and year of publication in brackets. If available, include a page number for the quoted passage. Otherwise, a single line of poetry will look like any other quote. If you’re quoting two lines from a poem, though, you will need to include a include a forward slash to show where the line break was in the original text. A two-line quotation would therefore look like this: One of the most famous examples of nonsense poetry is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Owl and the Pussy-Cat,† which begins thus: â€Å"The Owl and the Pussy-cat went to sea / In a beautiful pea-green boat† (Lear, 1983, p. 34). Here, for instance, we’re quoting the first two lines of an Edward Lear poem. Importantly, the date cited here is for the book the poem appears in, not the poem’s original date of publication (1871). The page numbers in the citation, meanwhile, show us where this poem appears in the book. Name a more iconic duo. Quoting Three or More Lines of Poetry If you’re using more than two lines from a poem, APA rules require you to format it like a block quote. Ideally, you will also recreate the presentation of the lines on the page from the original source: The final stanza begins with an interspecies wedding: â€Å"Dear Pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling   Ã‚   Your ring?† Said the Piggy, â€Å"I will.† So they took it away, and were married next day   Ã‚   By the Turkey who lives on the hill. (Lear, 1983, p. 34) Here, for example, we indent the second and final lines more than the rest of the quote. This is because the original poem is presented in the same way. Furthermore, as with any APA block quote, the citation here comes after the final punctuation in the quote, not before it. Adding a Poem to an APA Reference List Finally, if you quote a poem anywhere in your work, it should also appear in the reference list at the end of your document. The correct reference format to use, however, will depend on how the poem was published: For long poems published as standalone works, use the standard book format. You can do this for anthologies with a single author, too, but make sure to name the editor as well as the author of the poems themselves. List poems published in an anthology as chapters from an edited book (i.e., include details for both poem and container volume). List a single poem found online as a web page. Whatever their format, make sure to provide full publication information for all poems and their container volumes (i.e., the book or website where you found the poem). This will allow your reader to find them if required. And if you need anyone to check your document for errors – including in citations and the reference list – don’t forget that we have expert academic proofreaders on hand and ready to help 24/7.

Freedom of expression should be guaranteed. Discuss Essay - 1

Freedom of expression should be guaranteed. Discuss - Essay Example OECD and African Development Bank (2012) point that freedom of expression includes the right for one to freely hold opinions without there being any interference as well as the innate right for individuals to be able to seek impart and receive ideas and information via the use of various media irrespective of the possible frontiers. Guaranteeing freedom of expression basically means that individuals are assured of this inalienable right without failure; in this regard freedom of expression should be guaranteed as it is essentially an inseparable element of democracy and the modern day free press. Freedom of expression generally aids society in exercising control over various state authorities as well as in maintenance of a system whereby the society is essentially self controlled as is dictated by the demands of democracy. Self controlled societies are responsible for making their own decisions and it is only possible for these societies to be able to do this if they are well informed and has in place and system that encourages open exchange of opinions via the various mass media. This essay will critically underscore some of the various reasons as to why freedom of expression in mass media should be guaranteed in relation to its importance in mass media. Guaranteed freedom of expression is an important contributor to the democratic belief that the government should necessarily be restrained by a system of various balances and checks. These checks and balances are designed to restrain it from corruption, tyranny and ineptitude (Human Rights Watch 2011). By utilizing the freedom of expression that is available to it, the press can be able to promote democracy by facilitating a free flow of information and providing important information to the public, which can in turn help the public in making crucial decisions affecting the state as it has the right to protest

Universal Design of Instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Universal Design of Instruction - Essay Example That is, the product or environment is designed in such a way that it satisfies the needs of a variety of users including those who are physically disabled. The Center for Universal Design (CUD) at the North Carolina State University established seven principles for UD (Burgstahler, 2009), which provides the basis for all applications of UD including for instructional purposes. These form a general architectural paradigm and are listed in the table below. By applying the general principles of UD to teaching, we can derive guidelines for instruction to students, which are called UDI. The CUD defines UDI as â€Å"the design of instruction to be usable by all students, without the need for adaptation or specialized design†. A prominent figure that applied UD principles to education was Frank Bowe (2000). A related concept is Universal Design for Learning (UDL), which the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) defines as â€Å"a framework for designing curricula that enables all individuals to gain knowledge, skills, and enthusiasm for learning†. Thus, the classroom environment, curriculum, instructional materials and procedures, facilities etc. can all be designed in a way that they fulfill the needs of a variety of students. The students may have a range of abilities, learning styles, and backgrounds and this includes disabled students especially. There are two further benefits of UDI: one is that it minimizes the need to arrange for accommodating students with special needs, and another is that specific features of the UDI benefit not only the type of students for which it is intended but also others. For example, captioning in instructional videos is done to help the deaf but other students can also derive benefit. CAST clarifies that by being universal, it is not intended that the instruction be suitable for every type of learner; rather, â€Å"it is meant to underscore the need

Safety and Health Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Safety and Health Issues - Assignment Example The other article was a study conducted by Oliviera and Sousa as quoted in Nunn (2011), where the research showed that motorcycles are really prone to accidents. Data gathered from forensic investigation of death records and accidents of motorcycle crashes support the findings that of all motor vehicles, it is the motorcycle that is more prone to accidents. Studied showed that even if there is enough illumination of 87.4% of the time, motorcycle still has accidents in urban areas of the time 99.4%. This figure means that motorcycles are not advisable to cities even if it is well lit because they are prone to accidents. With this figure, motorcycles also are bound to crash against cars or pick-ups 55% of the time. It meant that more than half of road accidents that involve vehicles, more than half of it has something to do with motorcycle. Even with the absence of bad weather or slippery road, motorcycles are still bound to have accident in cities 806%. Traffic signs also do not help because motorcycles still suffers from accident 706% of the time (405). Further, it is very bothering that among all vehicles, it is with motorcycles that has death fatalities. Quoting the study of Oliviera and Sousa, â€Å"The percentage of fatalities was higher than survivors in collisions with heavy vehicles, fixed objects and between motorcycle†.To quote him â€Å"Motorcycles are a dangerous mode of transportation. Relative to four-wheeled vehicles, motorcycles pose a greater threat of death or serious injury to operators and riders.

The Concept Of Just Punishment Philosophy Essay

The Concept Of Just Punishment Philosophy Essay In his paper A Non-utilitarian Approach to Punishment, H. J. McCloskey argues that a utilitarian account of punishment dictates unjust punishments which are unacceptable to the common moral consciousness (239). In your paper, (a) outline the argument McCloskey provides for this conclusion and (b) raise two objections to his argument. If you support his argument, then respond to the objections that you or other critics mount. The concept of a just punishment is captivating and is debated among many philosophers today. Punishment is defined as the intentional infliction of suffering on an offender for a moral or legal wrongdoing. In this essay I will go into great detail of McCloskeys article, and discuss how his argument that a utilitarian account of punishment is unjust and retributive theory is the only way punishment can be considered just. I will also introduce objections to McCloskeys theory that attempt to disprove that in order to justify punishment you have to connect punishment with moral wrongdoing, and the offender must get a punishment he deserves. I agree with McCloskeys argument, and will offer my opinion in responding to the arguments posed against his theory. To the average mind, punishment should generally be justified based on utilitarian grounds. It seems to make the most sense that satisfying the greater good is obviously relevant when determining which type of punishments should be inflicted. The question arises which punishments are just, and this must be answered before we can determine which punishments are morally permissible. Although crime is bad, a punishments purpose is to prevent it more so than cancel it. To punish crime is an imperfect state of affairs. Punishments such as whipping, imprisonment, and death are considered evils. Although crime is an evil and prosecutors deserve to be punished, these punishments need to be justified based on their utility. A society with no crime and no punishment is obviously better than one with both. McCloskey argues that good results come from punishment, because it is attempting to set a precedent not to commit the crime in the future which will cause the greater utility. Punishment is justified because it is useful as opposed to because society should be able to illustrate indignity towards the offender, or if one says the punishment cancels out the crime, or because as a human being himself, he has the right to be punished. H.J McCloskey says that these justifications are implausible in a way that utilitarian justification is not. He argues that morality of punishment is by a retributive theory, specifically the theory where evils should be distributed according to desert, and that the vicious deserve to suffer. Just punishment is deserved punishment. In order to deserved to be punished, the offender must have committed an offence that that a morally accepted as an offence. If an innocent man was being punished, this would definitely not be justified. Punishing a person not responsible for his behavior, such as a person with a mental problem would also be seen as unjust. Whether punishments actually work is irrelevant in determining if they are just or not. In the 18th century people were hung for shoplifting, where in todays life this would be considered severely unjust. According to utilitarians this type of outrageous punishment could only be permissible if it somehow turned out that it would achieve greater utility. Morality suggests that in order for punishment to be just, it has to be merited by the offence being committed. It must involve care in determining if the offender is truly responsible, and it implies a moderate punishment, that shouldnt be excessive. It should not surpass what fits the severity of the crime being committed. The point is that an outsider should be able to say that the person being punished deserved that type of punishment. One shouldnt say that good has come out of one being punished. It seems logical to say that the punishment was useful but not deserved, and deserved but not useful, and one cannot say that a punishment was solely undeserved. Unjust punishment is whether collective or scapegoat punishments that result in inefficient trial procedures, corrupt police methods, or mistaken tests, as is punishment for things that have nothing to do with the crime. Just punishment is one that fits a retributive theory. it points to a very important consideration in determ ining the morality of punishment (its justice) and explains what punishments are just, and why they are just. A utilitarian would say that any punishment, regardless of severity, would be just if in the long run it created greater utility for a greater number of people. Utilitarians dismiss appeals about moral consciousness that relate to ones emotional response. McCloskey disagrees with utilitarians in this sense. He argues that our moral consciousness gives us answers we don not accept as defensible after hard observation, and the judgments which we do accept after serious manifestation are the ones being appealed. Before a utilitarian questions this approach, he must ensure that he is secure from similar criticism. One could argue that a utilitarians would appeal the theory of utility is based on an uncritical emotional acceptance of what at first seems to be a moral principle, but after sever examination, could involve great evils. If a utilitarian were to argue that utilitarian ism does not involve unjust punishment, and the answer is that whether or not unjust punishments are useful, it is logical to think that at some point they will become useful, in which case a utilitarian is committed to. A utilitarian would argue that it could be necessary to punish a lunatic, mentally challenged person or an innocent person being framed as being guilty, which McCloskey and I do not agree with. If a person is not in control of his actions, he should not be punished for an offence he didnt know he was committing An objection to McCloskeys theory would be the utilitarian theory. Utilitarians only justify punishment after balancing the good and evil produced with the outcome. McCoslkey says that in order to justify punishment you have to connect punishment with moral wrongdoing. The offender must get a punishment he deserves. McCloskey brings up an example to justify his objection to the utilitarian theory. He uses an example of a town that has a racial conflict, and where a black man rapes a white woman, and riots, white mobs, and with the help of the police, killing of black men occur as a result. If a utilitarian were there he would convict the initial black rapist instantly, if he knows this will prevent the riots and killings, so as a utilitarian he has the duty to bear a false witness in order to punish the innocent person. A utilitarian only performs acts that bring about the most utility. McCloskey argues that it is not morally permissible to perform this kind of act, making the utilit arian justification incorrect. An innocent man should not be framed and punished for something he didnt do, regardless of what the outcome would be. Thus the retributive theory of punishment with its criterion of justice as an end in itself gives place to a theory which regards punishment solely as a means to an end, utilitarian or moral, according as the common advantage or the good of the criminal is sought.

On the Futures of the Subject :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

On the Futures of the Subject ABSTRACT: This paper is intended as an inquiry regarding contemporary critical assays of subjectivity. In response to the contemporary politics of representation, both in expressions of essentialist identity politics and in versions of social constructivism, and their implication of all pedagogical practices in transfers of power, I wish to project the question of the subject’s futures. I choose to discuss the limits of the interior, monadic subject for consideration not only its historical and contemporary effects in the politics of representation, but also for the possibility of thinking beyond it. In the spirit of Foucault’s ethical project only a special kind of curiosity and a thinking ‘otherwise’ could, if luck and wit permit, allow us as individual subjects to go beyond ourselves. Thinking otherwise, when possible, could also suggest going beyond ourselves collectively in the creation of provisional critical pedagogical and ethical community. The notion of a decentered subject, now affixed to postmodern thought and practice, remains elusive. As a sometimes notorious, sometimes vogue tenet of cultural politics, the multiple, positioned subject breaks from traditional anchorages, whether theological, philosophical and political and their cultivation of experience. Most difficult for public critical reception are accounts of fragmentation and centerless identity, fueling charges that a moral vacuum has been excavated. The risk of losing any guarantee to permanence, order and a planned purpose to life is too great a secular leap into the void for most modern individuals to accept. While the specters of social fragmentation have been recognized as modes of experience under reifying modern social relations, the split subject, from Descartes to Freud and, on into postmodernism's displacements, a nostalgia for a substantial, core self persists. This paper is intended as an inquiry regarding contemporary critical assays of subjectivity. In response to the contemporary politics of representation, both in expressions of essentialist identity politics and in versions of social constructivism, and their implication of all pedagogical practices in transfers of power, I wish to project the question of the subject's futures. I choose to discuss the limits of the interior, monadic subject for consideration not only its historical and contemporary effects in the politics of representation, but also for the possibility of thinking beyond it. In the spirit of Foucault's ethical project only a special kind of curiosity and a thinking `otherwise' could, if luck and wit permit, allow us as individual subjects to go beyond ourselves.

Business Marketing Management Capstone Written Project Essay

A. Executive Summary The business plan is written for the Step Ahead Learning Center serving the children of Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland. The center educates young students in reading, writing, and math to meet or exceed the Common Core Standards for Washington State. The center will increase children’s literacy and comprehension of reading, writing, and math through practices such as one-on-one tutoring and small group sessions instructed by trained and certified personnel. The center will teach understanding and mastery of concepts over the memorization of concepts, testing comprehension by requiring practical, real life application of knowledge to prepare children for college, work, and life. The center will have a venue available for professional private events which include work presentations, public speaking, educational classes, etc. The revenue from the outside use of this venue will help fund operations of the Center. Step Ahead Learning Center is formally asking for $20,000 to complete a fifth fully functional computer lab, and asks for on-going contributions to further assist with the advancement of technology incorporation, helping to achieve or exceed the Common Core Standards as set forth by the Washington Education Association (WEA). Ginsburg, Leinward, and Decker (2005) stated that the mathematics concepts in U.S. textbooks are often weak, thus presentation is becoming more mechanical than ever. A.1 Business Identification Step Ahead Learning Center 1000 W. 4th Ave. Kennewick, WA 99336 (509)555-9876 stepahead.kennewick@gmail.com stepaheadlearningcenter.com A.2 Mission, Goals and Objectives The center’s mission is to integrate technology into teaching and learning, reinforcing consistent expectations in learning for all students across all grade levels consistent with school board expectations, teaching comprehension and mastery over memorization of concepts, and emphasizing critical topics children will need to possess to succeed in school and after graduation. This mission helps the Learning Center achieve the vision of a culture that promotes high educational standards, high expectations, individual learning, collaborative learning, and excellent communication skills. The partnership between the Learning Center and the local school board will increase the amount of highly educated children into the community, raising the community welfare and individual well-being. The primary purposes of the Learning Center are: 1. To reinforce consistent expectations in learning for all students across all grade levels, in partnership with the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school boards. 2. To teach comprehension of concepts over the memorization of concepts, instilling a high personal standard of learning. a. Consistently test to ensure a high level of retention by requiring a practical, real life application of knowledge to prepare students for life beyond school 3. To introduce or reinforce critical topics students will need to succeed in the classroom and in the future. 4. To provide a venue for professional based private events, helping offset operation costs of the Learning Center The primary objectives of the Learning Center are: 1. To increase overall average Measurement of Student Progress (MSP) test scores to â€Å"at grade level† or â€Å"above grade level† for the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts by the end of the 2015-2016 school year. 2. To increase Common Core Standards comprehension levels in reading, writing, math, and technology to â€Å"at grade level† or â€Å"above grade level† for the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts by the end of the 2015-2016 school year. 3. To decrease crime and substance abuse among children, teens, and young adults in the community by providing a safe and inviting Learning Center where children can learn and grow as individuals and as a member of the community. 4. To advocate collaboration among young children, increase comprehension in reading, writing, math, and technology, increase communication skills, broaden cultural views, increase moral reasoning, and foster growth of cognitive abilities. 5. To increase the level of personal responsibility of children in the community. A.3 Three Keys to Success The Learning Center anticipates success of goals and objectives through three key functions: hiring staff members that are the right fit, empowering staff to create devotion and a passion for excellence, and strong collaboration with various clientele. Hiring exceptional staff members: Step Ahead Learning Center is an equal opportunity employer. The right employees will embrace the center’s mission, hold a degree in a field of study related to education, and embody strong communication skills with peers and young children. Empowerment: This creates a high level of devotion and passion to strive for excellence. Every interaction with a child and every lesson presented, taught, or pursued by a staff member will be done with the  highest goal in mind: integrating technology into a safe and inviting learning environment to increase comprehension of reading, writing, math, and technology concepts. Collaborating and communicating with others: Staff will interact with a variety of clientele including by not limited to children, parents, school board members, funders, benefactors, and other partners or agencies providing support and opportunities for the Learning Center. Every interaction with a person inside or outside the Learning Center will help the center to meet its objectives. B. Company Summary B.1 Industry History The area in which the center will be providing educational services is well developed with current educational services. The relationship between Step Ahead Learning Center and the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts is unprecedented. Each of the three school districts strongly recommend and encourage struggling (and none struggling) students to the services offered at the center based on staff credentials and comprehension standards. In 2001, the No Child Left Behind Act was enacted to â€Å"ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards.† This act has increased the relationship between the three school districts and the Learning Center because schools are required to improve their performance to meet or exceed State standards. The Learning Center is providing extra assistance to students who need it in order for the schools to meet the expectation set forth by the No Child Left Behind Act. The primary purpose of the center is to ensure high-quality student comprehension of key concepts in Reading, Writing, and Math, aligning concepts with State academic standards so that progress against common core standards can be measured. There are several smaller businesses which strive to achieve the same vision, but one competitor has market share. For this competitor, one disadvantage is that Step Ahead Learning Center has a direct  relationship with the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts, they do not. An advantage this competitor has over Step Ahead is that they have built a reputation, having been in business for more than 30 years. This is the only other Learning Center in the area that meets an identical scope of the Step Ahead Learning Center. The secondary purpose of the center is to provide a rental revenue for professional or semi-professional events. There is a history of professional venues available at most large hotel chains. Several venues in the area meet the Center’s scope of a rental venue. B.2 Legal Form of Ownership Step Ahead Learning Center is incorporated in the state of Washington. The company is established as a 501(c) (3), which facilitates contributions from donors. A large majority of financing is raised internally or from charitable donations. Step Ahead Learning Center is governed by a board of twelve trustees. Independent contractors, if any, working for Step Ahead Learning Center will be held fully responsible for their own legal requirements, taxes, and expenses. A website, â€Å"stepaheadlearningcenter.com,† has been obtained by the company. This website is used as a marketing tool for the company and a source of information for parents/young adult children. B.3 Location and Facilities Step Ahead Tutoring Center is located in Kennewick, WA serving students in Kennewick, Richland, and Pasco school districts. The company will conduct business in a 10,500 square-foot space dedicated entirely to the operations of the business. Business licensure has been obtained from the City of Kennewick and fulfills any and all requirements to operate such a business. No legal issues or regulations in the city or state will now, or in the future, lessen the ability to operate in Kennewick or to conduct business from the named location. The building is equipped with general business equipment, including a high-tech computer system with Wi-Fi Internet connection, a cell phone for each staff member, Skype teleconferencing technology, and a company vehicle.  The center has two computer labs, each with 25 computers and a projector. Each computer has high speed Internet connection, Microsoft Office Home and Student, and several different purchased educational programs. The venue available for professional and semi-professional events is equipped with two computers and a projector. Each employee has a designated office with their own computer. The main teaching floor (lecture hall), each of the 5 computer labs, and each of the 3 private tutoring rooms have a projector. B.4 Management Structure Xxxxxx Xxxxx will perform Presidential duties and perform all management positions including, but not limited to, Business Development Manager, Communications/Public Relations Manager, and Project Manager. He is a certified teacher in the state of Washington with a BA Degree in Business Management / Marketing from the accredited online school Washington Governor’s University (WGU). He will handle marketing the benefits of the company’s education services to customers, human resource duties, and overseeing day to day operations. The one-on-one and group tutoring sessions will be the responsibility of four highly qualified and trained teachers. These employees are salaried and will receive a raise increase of 1% over the prior year’s pay (starting at $18,000 the first year). They will follow the company’s high standard of excellence in education that represents the local school districts and State’s required common core standard. Currently, the compan y has hired four teachers. Additional teachers can be added as deemed necessary by additional workload, meaning the company is growing. This organizational structure will meet the short-terms needs of the center, but long-term needs will require at least one receptionist and a general manager. The center plans to hire these two positions after the first 6 months of operation to reduce the work load of the teachers having to check-in students (or requiring parents to self-check-in) and the president having to oversee day-to-day operations. B.5 Products and Services The Common Core Standards in Washington state at the highest levels ever. Step Ahead Tutoring Center will use technology and hands-on methods to educate children ranging from Kindergarten to high school seniors. Students will be given additional tools and resources aligned with established school district procedures to help them succeed in school and in the future. The following services are offered by the Step Ahead Tutoring Center: Reading Tutoring: Academy of Reading, a program designed by EPS for students’ grades 2-12 (EPS Literacy and Intervention, 2014), will be used by a designated reading teacher. Sessions will be one hour in length in a group setting of no more than 10 students per one teacher. Students will log in to their account and begin working in the program. Teachers will introduce a lesson, review basic concepts, monitor progress, and view reports on each student daily to ensure progression. If teachers see a regression in progress, the student will be given a higher level of attention in the group setting. If this does not help the student improve, the student may be recommended to one-on-one tutoring sessions. Writing Tutoring: Writing Skills (2nd Edition), a program designed by EPS for students’ grades 2-12, will be used by a designed writing teacher. Writing Book A is for grades 2-4, Writing Book 1 is for grad es 5-6, Writing Book 2 is for grades 7-8, and Writing Book 3 is for grades 9-12. Students will be expected to complete one lesson every two sessions (with each session being one hour long with no more than 10 students in a group). If teachers see a regression in progress, the student will be given a higher level of attention in the group setting. If this does not help the student improve, the student may be recommended to one-on-one tutoring sessions. Math Tutoring: Academy of Math, a program designed by EPS for students’ grades 2-12, will be used by a designated math teacher. Sessions will be one hour in length in a group setting of no more than 10 students per one teacher. Students will log in to their account and begin working in the program. Teachers will introduce a lesson, review basic concepts, monitor progress, and view reports on each student daily to ensure progression. If teachers see a regression in progress, the student will be given a higher level of attention in the group setting. If this does not help the student improve, the student may be recommended to one-on-one tutoring sessions. One-on-one Services: An individualized one-on-one session can be scheduled with any of our four highly trained teachers in reading, writing, and/or math to ensure children are getting the help that  they need. Parents can enroll their child directly into a one-on-one session with a teacher for one session, or on a continual basis. A teacher may recognize that a student is struggling in a group atmosphere, making the recommendation that the child work in a one-on-one session until he/she shows signs of academic improvement. A one-on-one teacher will provide the student with assistance on their homework upon request. Venue Rental: Step Ahead Tutoring Center has a venue available for rent by outside parties for professional and semi-professional events such as guest speaking, presentations, meetings, etc. C. Market Analysis C.1 Target Market Step Ahead Tutoring Center’s primary target audience consists of mothers/fathers or grandparents of children enrolled in the Kennewick, Pasco, or Richland School Districts in grades 2-12. The primary target for the message is the parents/grandparents of students who are at or below State Common Core Standards in Reading, Writing, and Math. The secondary target for the message is the parents/grandparents of students who are at or above State Common Core Standards. Step Ahead Tutoring Center’s secondary audience consists of businesses and professionals, traveling and stationary, who require a venue to hold a professional or semi-professional meeting or event. The goal behind providing a venue for such meetings is to (1) gain exposure for the Tutoring Center, and (2) generate additional revenue for the operating expenses of the Tutoring Center. C.2 Industry Analysis Future trends that may affect the center’s efforts to educate students’ grades 2-12 in the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts include: Basic education and Common Core Standards goals are met. An average of 85% of students in the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts meet these standards. As the economy changes, the need for more highly educated and skilled workers will increase. The education and Common Core Standards goal and philosophy should be continually updated to reflect cultural and  economic needs. Expansion of Common Core Standards. A higher level of standards for students will mean updated training and certifications for staff, higher levels of work for students, and an increase in the number of students not meeting these standards, requiring extra attention. Mission, Goals, and Objectives creep. As the center gains momentum, other established or start-up business may use a similarly formatted mission statement for their company. It w ill be important for Step Ahead Tutoring Center to ensure the impact of the mission is not lessened by another groups’ participation in similar missions, goals, and objectives. Down time. The school year for the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts in from late August to the middle of June. During the summer months, summer school sessions take place around the area at various different school locations. There will be a significant decrease in the amount of students attending at the Tutoring Center during this time. The venue for rent by outside professional or semi-professional groups will help to offset costs during this time. Cash flow. During this down time during the summer months (middle of June to late August) there will be a decrease in revenues, resulting in the temporary release of two employees, or utilizing other rooms in the center for other uses, such as additional rental space. C.3 Competitive Analysis Competition for education services comes from several sources, the biggest competition being Sylvan Learning Center. According to the Sylvan Learning website, Sylvan offers tutoring in all levels for Math and Reading; they assess students’ needs and create a personal education development plan targeting select math and reading concepts; they offer their own technology for an engaging experience on the iPad; they also offer flexible schedules that fit any busy family schedule. To compete with Sylvan, Step Ahead will heavily market the availability of highly trained staff in each subject area, the inclusion of Writing concepts into the curriculum, the inclusion of technology in the administration of each subject to improve the child’s overall competence, and the partnership with the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts to ensure focus on helping students achieve proficient or advanced levels according to the State’s Common Core Standards. A second competitor is actually the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts. Select schools are offering after school programs focused directly on helping students understand the material being taught in the class room. This program is free of charge to students who need the additional attention. This is not a requirement of the school nor is it being offered at every school for every grade level, primarily because the school board cannot fund these programs. While the teachers at Step Ahead can assist with solving homework problems, the focus is on administering Math, Reading, and Writing programs to provide additional concepts that will further the students comprehension in the subject. Another competitor is after school clubs such as the YMCA or Boys and Girls Club of America. These programs are great for children who are succeeding in school and do not require additional attention to meet the State’s Common Core Standards. They provide children with the opportunity to play and interact with other children their own age while being supervised in a safe environment. At Step Ahead, students are being supervised in a safe environment, but they are also learning and growing their minds. A marketing approach to be taken by Step Ahead is that children who require additional help should be enrolled in an â€Å"afterschool program† such as Step Ahead where they will spend time immersed in educational programs. Competition from hotels or reception buildings that host weddings, receptions, and other private events are not considered. In general, the rental of the venue at Step Ahead is not the primary objective, thus marketing the venue against competition is not pursued. While Word of Mouth marketing will be the primary marketing strategy for the venue, the goal is that the income generated by rental of the venue will help cover operating costs of the center. Many people in the area see the need for private and semi-private educational assistant with all grade levels in the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts. The main trigger for this realization is the lack of students meeting the States Common Core Standards. With awareness of this issue increasing, there is a positive and a negative for Step Ahead. The  positive is that more children will be enrolled into private and semi-private educational services, which means a possible increase in enrollment for Step Ahead, resulting in increased revenue and possible future growth of the business. The negative is that more schools, groups, or qualified individuals will begin to offer more private and semi-private educational services, which means an increase in competition for Step Ahead. D. Market Strategy D.1 The 4 P’s Pricing: The pricing strategy used to determine a price for the services provided by Step Ahead was a variation of Penetration Pricing and Predatory Pricing. Penetration Pricing is when a company sets their prices low to attract customers and gain market share, and then raises the prices once they have a large market share. Step Ahead used the first half of this strategy, which is setting prices low to attract customers and gain market share. Predatory Pricing is known as an aggressive strategy, intended to drive competitors from the market. Step Ahead is not interested in becoming market leader and running other companies out of business. The goal is simply to educate children and raise comprehension to the State Common Core Standard level, while covering expenses. In regard to the mission of the center, profitability is not the number one goal. Profitability, however, is still required in order to continue and expand the business, increasing efforts in providing higher levels of ed ucational services to children. The venue rental prices were set depending on cost of utilities used during these times, the cost of having a Step Ahead staff member on the premises during the event, and generating revenue for covering operating costs of the center. Product: As described previously, the service provided by Step Ahead Learning Center is additional education services. A profound need for higher levels of comprehension and Common Core concept teaching is found in the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts. Because of this need, the center will offer tutoring sessions at different times throughout the day Monday thru Saturday. Highly trained and qualified teachers will teach one-on-one and semi-private groups (no more than 10 students) on concepts aligning with the State’s Common Core Standards in Reading, Writing, and  Math. Academy of Math, Academy of Reading, and Writing Skills (2nd Edition) are programs distributed through EPS for use by teachers to improve struggling students com prehension in the concepts of Reading, Writing, and Math. The teachers at Step Ahead are trained on these programs and will monitor students’ use of these programs to ensure the highest quality comprehension and learning. A one-on-one teacher will assist a student with their homework upon request, a Reading teacher, Writing teacher, or Math teacher will not provide assistance with homework. Promotion: Promoting education services to mothers, fathers, and grandparents (even college age students with younger brothers or sisters) has been primarily easy. A quality education is easy to market, and if a parent or relative sees that a child is struggling with their education, the first option to consider is additional education services. Methods for promoting the services offered at Step Ahead Tutoring Center include radio advertisements, television commercials, flyers, word-of-mouth, direct mail, Facebook, and blogs. The primary channel for promoting the center is the partnership with the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts. Teachers, Paraprofessionals, Secretaries, and Principals can promote Step Ahead through word-of-mouth marketing. Flyers posted at each of the schools on a main bulletin board at the front office, or an informational pamphlet sent home with a student’s report card can promote Step Ahead. The biggest promotion for the center to date is the planned grand opening scheduled for August 2014. This event is geared to be a celebration of education and it will include students, parents, grandparents, brothers, sisters, teachers, paraprofessionals, secretaries, principals, donors, and any member of the community devoted to the success of children in their education. Promotion for the event will include television and radio advertisements, flyers, and direct mail to all households in the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts. A promotional tool to be used will be brochures. These informational  brochures will be given at every consultation, will be available at the front desk, and will be sent to every school is the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts. The information in this brochure will cover the mission, goals, and objectives of the center, the location of the center with hours of operation, contact information, and session times, a breakdown of cost compared to competitors, and information regarding the highly trained and certified teacher staff. Another promotional tool is a fully functional website for the center. It will include all the information placed in the brochure, plus much more. A staff directory will be included along with links to different online educational tools (learning games, Common Core Standard guides, school board information, school websites, etc.). The website URL is: stepaheadlearningcenter.com. Place (Distribution): Points of distribution for information about the services provided by the Step Ahead Learning Center are found (1) on site in each computer lab, at the front desk, and in the venue, (2) on the website (stepaheadlearningcenter.com), and (3) by phone call or direct mail. All promotional efforts for the Step Ahead Tutoring Center are targeted geographically to reach households in the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts. While select publications will reach locations outside the intended geographic area, a requirement to enroll in the learning center is enrollment in either the Kennewick, Pasco, or Richland school district. Any enrollment requests received for a student residing outside of these school district boundaries will be referred to a learning center (or equivalent) in their area. D.2 Price List The following prices are for services offered at Step Ahead Tutoring Center. Prices listed are per session. The following prices are for rental of the venue for professional and semi-professional events at the Step Ahead Tutoring Center. D.3 Selling Strategy There are many strengths of the center including: the location in the center of the three school districts which provides easier access for the families living in the area, highly trained and certified teacher staff, and a true focus in further educating students to help achieve the goals listed in the Common Core Standards set forth by the State of Washington. More companies and small business are requiring their employees, vested and entry level, to have a degree or some form of education beyond high school. The center’s mission is to increase the level of education in the area, increasing the number of educated young adults entering the work force. Goal: Further the education in children to assist with increasing the percentage of students testing â€Å"at grade level† or â€Å"above grade level† as defined by Washington State Common Core Standards to 65% by 2016, 70% by 2018, 75% by 2020, 80% by 2021, and 85% by 2022 (and to continually maintain an average of 85% or better). A milestone for this goal, set in 2001 after the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† was initiated, was achieved in 2011: 50% of students within the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts will test â€Å"at grade level† or â€Å"above grade level† in 10 years. Goal: Record, edit, and publish four videos to be posted on the Step Ahead Learning Center website. The videos will show how the teacher staff at the center teaches private and semi-private groups the concepts of Reading, Writing, and Math using technology to administer helpful programs. An HD recorded and latest editing software will be used to capture and edit the videos. The videos will be uploaded to the website by January 2015. Goal: Produce the Information Brochure mentioned earlier to be distributed to Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts and to be sent out by direct mail to households within the school district boundaries. 10,000 brochures should be produced and distributed by the end of September 2014 after the first Washington State Assessment test is administered to every student in the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts. D.4 Sales Forecast Step Ahead operates under a fiscal calendar year of August 1 to July 31. Following figures are based on expected market conditions. The two year totals are: Fundraising $27,000, Learning Center Sales Revenue $359,000, Venue Rental Revenue $53,400, and Funding from Donors $126,000. It is estimated that fundraising will continue at its current momentum of $5,000 for year one, and increase to $6,000 per month for year two. It is estimated that the center’s sales revenues will increase as the goals and objectives of the center become better known by the residents of the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts. The forecasted two year revenue for Step Ahead Tutoring Center is $565,400. E. Implementation Strategy E.1 Overall Strategy The center will benefit from its location in the city. It is easily accessible by everyone in the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland School District Boundaries. The grand opening will be the official launch of the business, set to take place this year in late summer, early fall (2014). During the event, there will be an open house where anyone from the community can take self-tours of the building, viewing all computer labs, reception area, and rental venue. Demonstration tutoring sessions will be taking place during the duration of the event with 10 children who were asked to simulate an actual classroom environment. There will alo be a registration at the reception area for those families that feel their student will benefit from tutoring sessions at the center and wants to sign up immediately. Fundraising will be taking place each month, with the money going to different projects or needs of the center. The fundraiser during August 2014 will be â€Å"First Day Back School Supplies.† Many different businesses from the area have donated back-to-school supplies to the center with the intent that the center would sell these items to raise money for the center. Every Monday thru Saturday in August, back-to-school supplies will be for sale at the center, with registration taking place at the same time. The items that will be on sale for the fundraiser include: Ruled/Unruled Notebook Paper (100 sheets): $1.00 Three-Ring Spiral Notebook (75 sheets): $1.50 Composition Notebook (100 sheets): $2.00 Pencils (package of 10): $2.00 Pens (package of 10): $2.00 Erasers (package of 4): $2.50 Pencil Pouch: $5.00 Three-Ring Binder (1†): $3.00 Backpack: $20.00 Evaluating the success of the center will be determined by two factors: did the business meet the financial goal to be considered a financial success, and did the percentage of students in the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts test â€Å"at grade level† or â€Å"above grade level† meet the set goal. E.2 Implementation Grand opening date for the Step Ahead Tutoring Center: August 1, 2014. The following is a list of items to be completed and a date that they must be completed by. Scheduled Item Target Completion Date Hire staff Math Teacher Reading Teacher Writing Teacher Private Tutor Teacher Complete Invitation list for grand opening Prepared Invites sent out July 1, 2014 Purchase EPS programs Install programs on each computer Ensure full functionality July 5, 2014 Create 10,000 brochures Deliver adequate amounts to each school in the districts Mail to cover school district boundaries July 10, 2014 Teacher Schedules Create Publish July 15,2014 August 2014 Fundraiser Obtain donated materials from local businesses Send out announcements Ensure staffing plan July 20, 2014 Grand Opening Event August 1, 2014 E.3 Control Plan The overall success of the Step Ahead Tutoring Center will be measured by: (1) the business’ ability to sustain its own operations through Sales, Venue Rental, Fundraising, and Donor Contributions, and (2) the percentage of students who test â€Å"at grade level† or â€Å"above grade level† according the Washington State Common Core Standards is at goal. The following is a table representing student enrollment and the percentage of students â€Å"at grade level† or â€Å"above grade level† from 2001 to 2013. From 2014 to 2022 is a projection of expected student enrollment and how many students will have to test â€Å"at grade level† or â€Å"above grade level† to meet the goal. The milestones set by Washington State are listed in bold. Enrollment Students At/Above Grade Level Year # of Students # of Students % of Students (Actual) % of Students (Goal) 2001 36,540 11,345 31% 50% 2002 35,400 10,456 30% 50% 2003 36,480 11,597 32% 50% 2004 37,919 12,679 33% 50% 2005 39,010 14,044 36% 50% 2006 41,111 15,622 38% 50% 2007 39,524 16,995 43% 50% 2008 38,125 16,775 44% 50% 2009 39,867 18,737 47% 50% 2010 42,985 21,063 49% 50% 2011 43,798 21,899 50% 50% 2012 40,288 22,561 56% 55% 2013 40,210 24,930 62% 60% 2014 41,014 25,429 62% 62% 2015 42,224 26,601 63% 63% 2016 45,914 29,844 65% 65% 2017 39,174 26,638 68% 68% 2018 38,765 27,136 70% 70% 2019 40,255 29,386 73% 73% 2020 39,782 29,837 75% 75% 2021 38,579 30,863 80% 80% 2022 43,814 37,242 85% 85% The first milestone, achieving a 50% pass rate by 2011 as determined by the Washington State Common Core Standards, was set in 2001 following the initation of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This milestone was achieved. The second milestone will occur when a 65% pass rate has been achieved. Annual tracking (using a table such as this) will allow measurement of progress so marketing can be adjusted to the needs of the students in the area. There are several benefits of the center, including the monthly contributions from donors in the area who share the same dedication in seeing children succeed in education. Successful fundraising will raise $52,000 in the first two years to cover the daily operations of the center, including utilities and salaries. Rental fees are determined by the cost of utilities and salary during the reservation of the venue for a professional or semi-professional event. F. Financial Statement and Projections F.1 Revenue and Cost Estimate The following is a projection for the Step Ahead Tutoring Center’s first year in business: F.2 Forecasted Profit and Loss Statement The following is a projection for the Step Ahead Tutoring Center’s first year in business. Sales Revenues include Fundraising, Venue Rental, Sales, and Donor Contributions. Expenses include Utilities, Software, and Salaries (four teachers and owner), starting in August 2014. F.3 Forecasted Balance Sheet The following reports the Projected Balance Sheet for Step Ahead Tutoring Center after their first year of business: G. Financial Report G.1 Financial Projections The assumptions made in estimating the projected revenues in the prior section was based on expert judgement from past fundraising experience, anticipated demand for venue rental (based on community interest), and the cost of each private and semi-private tutoring session. Outside donor contributions are consistent each month during the first year and second year of operations. Projections for fixed expenses (Utilities) came from estimates provided by the building architect. G.1a Breakeven Point The following shows that the Step Ahead Tutoring Center will achieve a breakeven point in the fifth month of the first year. G.1b Financial Position After analyzing the estimated revenues and expenses for the first year, the company will be in a good financial position at the conclusion of operations on July 31, 2015. During the first year, the center will have $50,900 in revenue. The center would not be self-sustaining without the contributions from donors and the fundraising efforts. Sales are in line for the needs of the center during the first year. After successfully launching a website for the center and continual marketing efforts throughout the year, great awareness and a strong reputation will be build by the end of the firsr year. During the second year, further sales growth is planned with the addition of two staff members and the need to purchase replacement utilities along with additional software programs. The center will be self-sustaining without the requirement of donor contributions and fundraising efforts during the second year. G.1c Capital/Investment Needs The company will receive a $10,000 Capital Investment from Xxxxxx Xxxxx to assist with marketing the launch of the center. Step Ahead Learning Center’s website and email program have been developed prior to company planning by the owner. Using â€Å"in-house† resources to develop a product is much less  expensive then contracting the work through an outside vendor. The center is seeking a total of $20,000 to complete a fifth fully functioning computer lab (computers, projector, chairs, desks) plus on-going contributions to further assist with the incorporation of advancing technology. Donors should be prideful in knowing they helped create a better community through the higher education of children in the area, helping thousands of children to have a better future, allowing them to enter the work force better educated with high, attainable goals. References Ginsburg, Leinward, and Decker. (n.d.). Office of superintendent of public instruction. Retrieved from http://www.k12.wa.us/CoreStandards/Mathematics U.S. department of education. (2010). Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html EPS literacy and intervention. (2014). Retrieved from https://eps.schoolspecialty.com/ Sylvan learning. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.sylvanlearning.com/